Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FUELS
THE NATURALLY OCCURING OR MANUFACTURED
COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES WHICH ACT AS SOURCE
WHEN BURNT.
hydrogen
51%
carbon monoxide
41%
Cup and
cone
MANUFACTURE
feeder
PROCESS
1) C + H2O ----------> CO +H2 H=121.5 KJ
(STEAM) (WATER GAS)
carbon monoxide
nitrogen 20%
49%
carbon dioxide
10%
Calorific value
The calorific value of producer Gas is
1308kcal/m3
The low calorific value is due to the presence
of large excess of non combustible gases like
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Cup & cone
feeder
MANUFACTURE
Producer gas outlet
Refractory fire
bricks
Distillation zone
Reduction zone
Combustion zone
Ash zone
PROCESS
C (s)+ O2(g) ----------->CO2(g)
H= -394 kj
CO2(g) +C (s)-------> 2CO(g) H= +163 kj
2C(s)+O2(g)----------->2CO(g)
H= -231 kj
APPLICATION
It is used as a fuel for heating retorts in preparing coal
gas.
It is used as a fuel for heating open hearth furnace in
the manufacture of steel and glass.
It is used as a reducing agent in metallurgy.
BIO GAS
BIO GAS
Biogas is obtained by the degradation of
biological matter by the bacterial action in
the absence of free oxygen
COMPOSITION OF BIO GAS
nitrogen
2.6%
carbon dioxide
35%
methane
55%
Hydrogen
7.4%
PRODUCTION OF BIO GAS
ADVANTAGE OF BIO GAS
The production of biogas is more economical.
It also yields simultaneously excellent
manure. The nitrogen content of the manure
is about 2% as against 0.75% in farm yard
manure.
The biogas has all the advantages of gaseous
fuel.
It does not contain any poisonous gas like
carbon monoxide.
It can burn with pale blue flame and gives
temperature of 813K with proper burner.
LPG
LPG
LPG is a mixture of lower hydrocarbon of C 3 and
C4, which are mainly propane, butane,
isobutylene and butylene with little or no
propylene and ethane.
COMPOSITION
Hydrocarbon In a cylinder In bulk