A HOW TO ABOUT

DIALYSIS
Paul Matthew Viray
Ken Aldrin Perez
Kristiel Jadge Labiogo

BSN III-SP
 What is Dialysis?
 Dialysis is a procedure that
is a substitute for many of
the normal duties of the
kidneys.

 It helps our clients by

performing the function of
failed kidneys. It regulates
their body’s fluid balance,
adjust urine output, and
remove the waste products
of our body.
Four Basic Goals of Dialysis
 1. To remove the end products of protein
metabolism, such as urea and
creatinine, from the blood
 2. To maintain a safe concentration of
serum electrolytes
 3. To correct acidosis and replenish the
bicarbonate levels of the blood
 4. To remove excess fluid from the blood
What are the types of dialysis?
 A) Hemodialysis –
it is a method for
removing waste
products from
blood. The client’s
blood is diverted
into a dialyzer,
cleaned, and then
returned to the
client.
Hemodialysis Procedure
 Patients generally go
to the dialysis unit
three times a week for
treatment
 Before treatment,
patient weigh
themselves so that
excess fluid
accumulated since last
dialysis session can be
measured.
Hemodialysis Procedure
 Patient then go to assigned chairs. The
area of the fistula or graft is cleaned
thoroughly.
 Two needles are then inserted into the
graft or fistula. One takes the blood to
the machine where is it cleaned and the
other needle returns the blood back to
the patient.
 Hemodialysis Procedure
 Treatments last from 2 ½ to 4 ½ hours. During this
time the staff checks the blood pressure frequently
and adjust the machine to ensure proper amount
of fluid removed form the patients body

 Patients can read,

watch television,
sleep or do other
work during
treatments.
Major routes of blood access
 Central Venous
Catheter - are used
as route for short-
term access. It is the
insertion of large
double-lumen
catheters into the
jugular, femoral or
subclavian vein.
Major routes of blood access
 Internal arteriovenous fistula
– are routes for chronic
dialysis. Created through a
surgical procedure in which
the artery in the arm is
accustomed to a vein. The
flow of arterial blood causes
the vein to become
engorged. It requires up to 6
weeks to mature before they
can be used.
 Major routes of blood access
 Internal
arteriovenous
grafts - An
artificial graft is
used to create an
artificial vein for
blood flow. It can
be used 2 weeks
after insertion.
 Once fistula or graft are ready to use, two 15- or 16-
gauge needles are placed in the access at each
dialysis treatment
 Dialysis Machines

Dialyzer

Fresenius 4008s
B) Peritoneal Dialysis
 It uses the patients
own body tissues
inside of the belly
(parts of the
abdominal cavity) to
act as the filter.

It involves repeated cycles of instilling

dialysate into the peritoneal cavity, allowing
time for substance exchange, and then
removing the dialysate.
Peritoneal Dialysis Procedure
 The patient weighs
herself/himself to determine
the fluid to be used.
 The patient then puts on a
mask and cleans the
peritoneal catheter site.
 Fluid that has been allowed to stay in the
peritoneal cavity is drained back into the
plastic bag that originally contained the fluid.
Peritoneal Dialysis Procedure
 The patient then disconnects
this bag and connect a new bag
of solution that is allowed to
drain into the peritoneal cavity.
 Once the fluid is in the body, the
new bag is rolled up and placed
in the patient’s underwear until
the next treatment.

 This procedure usually takes 30 minutes to

accomplish and must be done four to five times a day
THANK YOU