THE USE OF FRUIT WASTES AS A SUBSTRATE FOR PRODUCING NATA DE FRUITY

Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Email** : Annisah-endang@ugm.ac.id

Wahyu Aristyaning P.*, Ardhiani K. Hidayanti.*, A. Endang Sutariningsih S**

Introduction Indonesia produces approximately 15.13 million ton fruit every year (BPS, 2010). Post-harvest fruits abundance causes problems in Indonesia because fruit enzymatic ripening potentially causes rotten fruits, not even sold, and become waste. The example can be seen in Gamping traditional fruit market that produces about one ton of rotten fruit per day. Rotten fruit has high potential as a carbon source for bacteria to produce nata because it contains high carbohydrate approximately 4.7 to 22.28% (Lapus, 1987, Lancasire, 2006).

Aim

Result

Method

The results showed that the rotten fruit is Acetobacter xylinum growth substrate and produce nata. The quality of nata produced from rotten fruit juice varies depending on reducing sugar content. Reducing sugar content of 53 mg/mL in the rotten fruit juice produce nata with a thickness of 18 mm, 69.03 g wet weight and fiber content of 1.92%, white color, normal smell, normal taste (no taste and smell sour).
Serial dilution fruit juice with various NH4H2Po4 concentration reducing sugar concentration 53.35 40.97 29.23 17.85 17.85 17.85 17.85

50% 18 mm

25% 18 mm

12.5% 18 mm

Nata production in 100 ml of medium with different concentrations of rotten fruit juice after an incubation period of 12 days

Rotten fruits meshed

Incubated for Juice fruits filtered 2 days

50% 37.50% 25% 12.5% with 0 mg/ml NH4H2Po4 12.5% with 2 mg/ml NH4H2Po4 12.5% with 5 mg/ml NH4H2Po4

Fruit juice diluted with various reducing sugar concentration 53 mg/ml, 41 mg/ml, 29 mg/ml, 18 mg/ml sterilized by autoclave

Fruit juice diluted with various ammonium dihidrogenphosphat concentration 0 - 10 mg/ml incubate for 12 days

12.5% with 10 mg/ml NH4H2Po4

Biofilm (extracellular cellulose) formed by Acetobacter xylinum in rotten fruit medium thicker by the day

add starter

reducing sugar wet weight concentration (g)

net fiber thickness color weight content (%) (g) 1.37c 0.67
b

smell

taste

Biofilm formation was observed everyday

53.35 40.97 29.23 17.85 with 0 mg/ml NH4H2Po4 17.85 with 2 mg/ml NH4H2Po4 17.85 with 5 mg/ml NH4H2Po4 17.85 with 10 mg/ml NH4H2Po4

69.03d 56.6
c

1.92c 1.19
b

18d 19d 14d 10.5b 13c 13.5c 14c

white white white white

normal normal normal normal

normal normal normal normal sourness normal normal

54.27bc 34.27a 45.76abc 43.54ab 47.8bc

0.23ab 0.16a 0.26ab 0.18a 0.15a

0.43a 0.41a 0.59ab 0.4a 0.32a

white Smelling acid white normal

Conclusion

yellowis normal h

Rotten fruit is promising substrate to produce nata de fruity. The best nata made from rotten fruit juice with reducing sugar content of 53 mg/mL. Biofilm (extracellular cellulose) formed by Acetobacter xylinum in rotten fruit medium thicker by the day. Bibliography

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Republik Indonesia, 2010. http://www.bps.go.id/. Produksi Buah-buahan di Indonesia. Lancashire R.J. 2006. Guava. http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lectures.html. Diakses tanggal 27 Juli 2010 Lapuz, M.M., Gollardo, E.G., and Palo, M.A. 1967. The Nata Organism Cultural Requerements Characteristic and Identity. The Phlliphine Journal Science 96: 91-109.