by

Milagros Santos-Ong SantosDirector, Library Services Supreme Court of the Philippines 2nd Convention of Court Librarians of the Philippines Buenos Aires, Bago City, October 13, 2005

INTRODUCTION

http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex http://www.gov.ph

http://www.gov.pd/aboutphil/general.asp http://www.popcom.gov.ph

POLITICAL STRUCTURE
The 1987 Constitution, duly ratified in a plebiscite held on February 2, 1987

1. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE 2. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS 3. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 4. OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE

a) Pre-Spanish (before 1521) The Barangays Maragtas Code issued by Datu Sumakwel of Panay Island Code of Kalantiao issued by Datu Kalantiano in 1433.

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
b). Spanish period (1521-1898) Melquiades Gambao in his book entitled An Introduction to Philippine Law (7th ed,., 1969) listed the most prominent laws in this period: Fuero Juzgo, Fuero Real, Las Siete Partidas, Leyes de Toros, Nueva Recapilacion de las Leyes de Indias and the Novisima Recopilacion. Some of these laws were also in force in other Spanish colonies. Laws in force at the end of the Spanish rule in 1898 are as follows: Codigo Penal de 1870, Ley Provisional para la Aplicaciones de las Dispociciones del Codigo Penal en las Islas Filipinas, Ley de Enjuciamento Criminal, Ley de Enjuciameniento Civil, Codigo de Comercio, Codigo Civil de 1889, Ley Hipotecaria, Ley de Minas, Ley Notarial de 1862, Railway law of 1877, Law of Foreigners for Ultramarime Provinces and the Code of Military Justice General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. The Malolos Congress also known as Assembly of the Representatives, which can be considered as revolutionary in nature, was convened on September 15, 1898. The first Philippine Constitution, the Malolos Constitution was approved on January 20, 1899. The Laws of the First Philippine Republic; The Law of Malolos, 1898-1899 by Sulpicio Guevarra (1972).

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
c) American period (1898-1946) Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 Constitution on February 8, 1935, signed by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on March 23, 1935 and ratified at a plebiscite held on May 14, 1935. Organic laws that govern the Philippines during this period were: President McKinleys Instruction to the Second Philippine Commission on April 7, 1900; Spooner Amendment of 1901; Philippine Bill of 1902; Jones Law of 1916 and the Tydings McDuffie Law of May 1, 1934. Mendoza, Vicente V. From McKinleys Instruction to the New Constitution. QC: Central Book Supply, 1978. The Supreme Court of the Philippines were appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which were reported in the United States Supreme Court Reports.

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE

d). Japanese period (1941-1944) The 1943 Constitution was ratified by a special national convention of the Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI). e). Republic period (1946-1972 Efforts to amend the 1935 Constitution started on August 24, 1970 with approval of Republic Act No. 6132 where 310 delegates were elected on November 10, 1970. On June 1, 1971, the Constitutional Convention met. While it was still in session, President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared Martial Law on September 11, 1972. The Constitutional Convention completed the draft Constitution on November 29, 1972. It was submitted for ratification through citizens assemblies on January 17, 1973. This is known as the 1973 Constitution.

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
f). Martial Law Period (1972-1986)
1973 Constitution which established a parliamentary form of government. Military tribunals were established. Amendments to the Constitution were made wherein by virtue of amendment No. 3, the powers of the President and the Prime Minister were merged into the incumbent President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Amendment No, 6 authorized President Marcos to continue exercising legislative powers until Martial law is in effect. Amendment No. 7 provided for the barangays as the smallest political subdivision and the sanggunians or councils. The 1981 amendment introduced the modified presidential/parliamentary system of government of the Philippines Proclamation No. 2045 (1981) lifted Martial Law and abolished Military tribunals. Election was held on June 16, 1981 and President Marcos was re-elected into office as President. The constitution was again amended in 1984 and a plebiscite was held on January 27, 1984 pursuant to Batas Pambansa Blg. 643 (1984). Elections were held on May 14, 1984 for the 183 elective seats in the 200 member Batasang Pambansa. Impeachment resolution filed by 57 members of the opposition was filed against President Marcos but was dismissed. A special presidential lection, popularly known as Snap Election was called by President Marcos on November 3, 1985 and was held on February 7, 1986

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
g). Republic Revival (1986 to present) Corazon C. Aquino and Salvador H. Laurel took their oath of office as President and Vice President of the Philippine Republic on February 25, 1986. Proclamation No. 1 was promulgated where in she and her Vice President took power in the name and by the will of the Filipino people. Proclamation No. 3 (1986) provided for a new government and a Provisional Constitution or Freedom Constitution was adopted. A Constitutional Commission was constituted by virtue of Article V of the Provisional Constitution and Proclamation No. 9. 1987 Constitution, the President and Vice President elected in the February 7, 1986 elections were given a six year term of office until June 30, 1992. Congressional elections were held on May 11, 1987. The number of Republic Acts continued from the number last used before Martial Law (Republic Act No. 6635 (1972) and Republic Act No. 6636 (1987).

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
Executive Branch Legislative Department
Senate of the Philippines (Home - Senate of the Philippines.htm) House of Representatives (House of Representatives Home.htm)

Judicial System Others

Executive Branch

Since 1898 when the First Philippine Republic was established, the Philippines has thirteen (13) Presidents (Office of the Press Secretary Online.htm). The other members of the Executive Branch are the Vice-President and the Heads of Executive Departments or Cabinet members. (http://www.gov.ph/directory); (http://gov.ph/gov.links/ooficeofpres_departments.asp)

Executive Branch
The following are the Departments under the Executive Branch: Department of Agrarian Reform (http://www.dar.gov.ph) Department of Agriculture (http://www.da.gov.ph) Department of Budget and Management (http://www.dbm.gov.ph) Department of Education (http://www.deped.gov.ph) Department of Energy (http://www.doe.gov.ph) Department of Environment and Natural Resources (http://www.denr.gov.ph) Department of Finance (http://www.dof.gov.ph) Department of Foreign Affairs (http://www.dfa.gov.ph) Department of Health (http://www.doh.gov.ph) Department of Interior and Local Government (http://www.dilg.gov.ph) Department of Justice (http://www.doj.gov.ph) Department of Labor and Employment (http://www.dole.gov.ph) Department of National Defense (http://www.dnd.gov.ph) Department of Public Works and Highways (http://www.dpwh.gov.ph) Department of Science and Technology (http://www.dost.gov.ph) Department of Tourism (http://www.dot.gov.ph) Department of Trade and Industry (http://www.dti.gov.ph) Department of Social Welfare and Development (http://www.dswd.gov.ph) Department of Transportation and Communications (http://www.dotc.gov.ph) There are specific bureaus and offices directly under the Office of the President (http://www.op.gov.ph)(http://www.gov.ph/govlinks/oofceofpres_departments.asp).

Judicial System

SOURCE: 2002 Revised Manual of Clerks of Court.

Judicial System

Supreme Court of the Philippines (http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph)

Judicial System
Sandiganbayan (http://www.sandiganbayan.gov.ph) Court of Tax Appeals (http://www.cta.gov.ph)

Sharia Courts

Quasi-Courts or Quasi-Judicial Agencies Quasi-judicial agencies empowered by statutes are: Office of the President. Department of Agrarian Reform, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Labor Relations Commission, National Telecommunication Commission, Employees Compensation Commission, Insurance Commission, Construction Industry Arbitration Commission, Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, Social Security System, Government Service Insurance System, Bureau of Patents, Trademark and Technology, National Conciliation Mediation Board, Land Registration Authority, Civil Aeronautics Board, Central Board of Assessment Appeals, National Electrification Administration, Energy Regulatory Board, Agricultural Inventions Board and the Board of Investments.

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS

Civil Service Commission (http://www.csc.gov.ph) Commission on Elections (http://www.comelec.gov.ph) Commission on Audit (http://www.coa.gov.ph)

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
ORDINANCES

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Commission on Human Rights Office of the Ombudsman (http://www.ombudsman.gov.ph)

LEGAL SYSTEM
Nature of the Philippines Legal System The Philippine legal system may be considered as a unique legal system because it is a blend of civil law (Roman), common law (AngloAmerican), muslim (Islamic) law and indigenous law.

LEGAL SYSTEM
Sources of Law There are two primary sources of the law: a. Statutes or statutory law b. Jurisprudence or case law Senate Electoral Tribunal. Only decisions of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal are printed as House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal Reports, volume 1 (January 28, 1988-October 3, 1990) to present. And will be available in CD in November during their anniversary and later at the Supreme Court E-Library. c. For Muslim law, the primary source of Shariah are Quran, Sunnaqh, Ijma and Qiyas. Jainal D. Razul in his book Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Muslin Law of the Philippines (1984) further stated there are new sources of law which some jurists rejected such as Istihsan or juristic preference; Al-Masalih, Al Mursalah or public interest; Istidlal (custom) and Istishab. (deduction based on continuity or permance).

LEGAL SYSTEM
Sources of Law Classification of Legal Sources Classification by Authority Classification by Source Primary (official) sources or Secondary (unofficial sources). Classification by Character This refers to the nature of the subject treated in books. This classification categorizes books as : a) Statute Law Books, b) Case Law Books or Law Reports, c.) a combination of both and d). Law Finders.

PHILIPPINE LEGAL RESEARCH 1. Research of Statute law

1.1. Constitution The Philippines had several Constitutions as provided in some history books such as Gregorio F. Zaides Philippine Constitutional History and Constitutions of Modern Nations (1970) and Founders of Freedom; The History of Three Constitution by a seven man Board. The Philippine legal system recognizes the following Constitutions: Malolos, 1935, 1973, Provisional or Freedom and 1987 Constitutions. Text of the Malolos Constitution is available in some history books such as Gregorio F. Zaides Philippine Constitutional History and Constitutions of Modern Nations, p. 176 (1970) Sources for the 1934-1935 Constitutional Convention are: 10 volumes of the Constitutional Convention Record by the House of Representatives (1966), Salvador Laurel's seven volumes book entitled Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention (1966); 6 volumes of the Philippine Constitution, Origins, Making, Meaning and Application by the Philippine Lawyers Association with Jose Aruego as one of its editors (1970) and Journal of the Constitutional convention of the Philippines by Vicente Francisco. Proceedings of the 1973 Constitutional Convention was not published. A complete compilation is available at the Filipiniana Reading Room of the National Library of the Philippines. Journals (3 volumes) and Records ( 5 volumes) of the Constitutional Convention of 1986 were published by the Constitutional Commission The proceedings and text of the 1935, 1973 and 1987 Constitutions will be available at the Supreme Court ELibrary.

PHILIPPINE LEGAL RESEARCH

1.2. Treaties and other International Agreements The official text of treaties e published in the Official Gazette, Department of Foreign Affairs Treaty Series (DFATS), United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS) or the University of the Philippines Law Center's Philippine Treaty Series (PTS Tax treaties Eustaquio Ordono has published a series on the Philippine tax treaties.

PHILIPPINE LEGAL RESEARCH

1.3. Statutes Proper Statutes are enactments of the different legislative bodies of since 1900 broken down as follows: 4,275 ACTS - Enactments from 1900-1935 733 Commonwealth Acts - Enactments from 1935-1945 2034 Presidential Decrees - Enactments from 1972-1985 884 Batas Pambansa. Enactments from 1979-1985 9335 Republic Acts - Enactments from 1946-1972, 1987- April 2005 Martial Law, other Presidential issuances are: 57 General Orders, 1,525 Letters of Instruction, 2,489 Proclamations, 832 Memorandum Order, 1,297 Memorandum Circular, 157 Letter of Implementation, Letter of Authority, Letters of Instruction, 504 Administrative Order and 1,093 Executive Orders. Laws passed by the new 1987 Congress started from Rep. Act No. 6636, the last Republic Act promulgated by Congress before Martial Law was Rep. Act No. 6635.

The following are the Philippine codes adopted from 1901 to present: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. Child and Youth Welfare Code Civil Code Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Code Coconut Industry Code Code of Commerce Cooperative Code Corporation Code Family Code Fire Code Forest Reform Code Intellectual Property Code Labor Code Land Transportation and Traffic Code Local Government Code a. Muslim Code of Personal Laws b. National Building Cide c. National Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and Supplements d. National Internal Revenue Code e. Omnibus Election Code f. Philippine Environment Code g. Revised Administrative Code h. Revised Penal Code i. Sanitation Code j. State Auditing Code k. Tariff and Customs Code l. Water Code

In researching for Proclamations, Administrative Orders, Executive Orders and Memorandum Orders & Circulars of the President, the YEAR is a must or if no year is available, the President involve. The number of these Presidential issuances starts with no. 1 as a new President is sworn in. Exception to this are the Executive Orders issued by President Carlos Garcia after he assumed the Presidency because President Magsaysay died in a plane crash. He continued the number started by Pres. Magsaysay. When President Garcia was elected as President, he started his Executive Order No. 1.

PHILIPPINE LEGAL RESEARCH

1.4. Administrative Rules and Regulations In handling this type of materials, there are two important items needed: Issuing Agency and the Year it was promulgated. This is due to the fact that all Department, Bureaus, and other government agencies use the ADMINISTRATIVE ORDERS, MEMORANDUM ORDERS AND MEMORANDUM CIRCULARS for their administrative rules and regulations AND they start always with number 1 EVERY YEAR. Even the Supreme Court issues Administrative Orders, Circulars, Memorandum Orders, and Administrative Matters. When the 1987 Administrative Code (Executive Order No. 292) promulgated all governmental and department orders, rules and regulations have to be filed with the University of the Philippines Law Centers Office of National Administrative Register and published quarterly in a publication called National Administrative Register. Aside from the printed copies, the National Administrative Register is available electronically in CD ROMS (CD Asia Technologies Inc.) at the Supreme Court E-Library. As previously stated, there are no up-to-date or complete Statutes finders. Those published are listed in the Bibliography. As previously stated, to facilitate legal research, one has go online virtual libraries such as the Supreme Court E-Library, Chan Robles Virtual Law Library (http://www.chanrobles.com) or the different databases in CD ROM of CD Asia Technologies Asia Inc.

PHILIPPINE LEGAL RESEARCH

1. Research of Case Law 2.1 Supreme Court Decisions Decisions of the Supreme Court are classified as follows: a. "Regular decisions" and extended Resolutions are published in court reports either in primary or secondary sources. Unsigned Minute Resolutions are not published. Case Reports in the Philippines such the Philippine Reports, SCRA, SCAD come in bound volume which generally covers a month Judge Nitafan Supreme Court Unpublished Decisions; vol. 1 covers decisions from March 1946 to February 1952. Jurisprudencia Filipina. The were translated to form the Philippine Reports. u of Printing, now the National Printing Office. Due to its late publication, Pres. the Lex Libris Jurisprudence CD ROM.

How can we search for Supreme Court decisions: Topic or Subject Approach: (Please See Complete title of the publication from the Philippine Legal Bibliography chapter) 1. Philippine Digest 2. Republic of the Philippine Digest 3. Velayo's digest 4. Magsino's Compendium 5. Supreme Court's unpublished Subject Index 6. Martinez's Summary of Supreme Court rulings 1984- to 1997 7. UP Law Center's Supreme Court decisions: subject index and digest's 8. SC's Case Digest's 9. Philippine Law and Jurisprudence 10.Castigadors Citations 11.SCRA Quick Index Digest 12.Lex Libris Jurisprudence

Title Approach or Title of the Approach: (Please See Complete title of the publication from the Philippine Legal Bibliography chapter) 1. Philippine Digest - Case Index 2. Republic of the Philippines Digest 3. Ong, M. Title Index to SC decisions 1946-1978 2v.; 1978-1981 1st Suppl; 1981-1985, 2nd Suppl; 1986 to present is unpublished but available at the SC Lib 4. Ateneo's Index & Aquirre's Index 5. Lex Libris Jurisprudence/Template search

Court of Appeals decisions Sources of Court of Appeals decisions are: TEXT: Official Gazette (selective publication) Court of Appeals Reports which was published by the Court of Appeals until 1980. Even this publication is not a complete compilation. It is still considered selective for not all CA decisions are published Court of Appeals Reports (CAR) by Central Book Supply. One volume was published Philippine Law and Jurisprudence Reports Office of the Court of Appeals Subject or Topic Approach: Velayo's Digest; Moreno's Philippine Law dictionary

Decisions of Special Courts Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals do not have published decisions. The Sandiganbayan has only one volume published; Sandiganbayan Reports vol. 1 covers decisions promulgated from December 1979 to 1980. Court of Tax Appeals decisions from 1980 to 2004 are found in the Lex Libris; Taxation CD ROM.

Decisions of Administrative Agencies, Commissions and Boards CD Asia Technologies Lex Libris series has individual CD ROMs for the Department of Justice, Securities and Exchange Commission, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipines (Central Bank of the Philippines), and the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Included in these individual CD ROMs are the pertinent laws, their respective issuances as well as Supreme Court decisions. It CD ROM on Labor (vol. VII) incorporated issuances from the Department of Labor and Employment and its affiliated agencies and offices. The Trade, Commerce and Industry CD ROM includes Supreme Court decisions, laws and issuances of its various agencies such as the Department of Trade and Industry, Board of Investments, Bureau of Customs, Bangko Sentral and the Philippine Stock Exchange.

GO TO THE WEB SITES OF THE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.

LEGAL PROFESSION AND LEGAL EDUCATION

This Law List is available in the Supreme Court website. (http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph)

Law Schools eighty nine (89) law schools throughout the Educational Association and/or Organizations: a. Philippine Association of Law Deans b. Philippine Association of Law Professors c. Philippine Association of Law Students

Bar Associations Integrated Bar of the Philippines (http://www.ibp.org..ph) Other Bar Associations Philippine Bar Association, Philippine Lawyers Association, Trial Lawyers Association of the Philippines, Vanguard of the Philippine Constitution, PHILCONSA, All Asia Association, Catholic Lawyers Guild of the Philippines, Society of International Law, WILOCI, Women Lawyers Association of the Philippines (WLAP), FIDA. The Philippines is also a member of international law associations such as the ASEAN Law Association, and LAWASIA.

LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. A. STATUTES STATUTE LAW BOOKS Acts and Resolutions of the Batasang Pambansa, (1978-1984). 6v Arroyo, Basilisa C., and Perla S. Frianeza, eds. 1986 Presidential Issuances; An Annotated Compilation of Executive Orders, Proclamations, Memorandum Orders, Memorandum Circulars and Administrative Orders, February 25-December 31, 1986 (1987). Commonwealth Acts Nos. 1-733 by the House of Representatives Legislative Reference Library. 4v. Commonwealth Acts Annotated by Sulpicio Guevarra (1968). 3v. Compendium of Laws of the Philippines. House of Representatives Congressional Library (1989). 2v Laws and resolutions passed during the first session of the Congress of the Commonwealth and of the First Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Manila: Bureau of Printing (1951). Laws and Resolutions of the Republic of the Philippines. Manila: Bureau of Printing (1955). 27v. Laws and Resolutions Manila: Bureau of Printing. (1987-Present). vol.1-present

A. STATUTE LAW BOOKS The Laws of the First Philippine Republic; The Law of Malolos, 1898-1899 by Sulpicio Guevarra (1972). Lex Libris: Laws by CD Asia Technologies Inc (CD ROM) Official Gazette. Volume 1 to present (1901- present) weekly Philippine Permanent and General Statutes. Compiled and edited by Gabriel B. Trinidad. (1971). 4v with Suppl.. Philippine Permanent and General Statutes. Compiled and edited by Gabriel V. Trinidad, Jr. rev. ed. (1978- present). 7 vols. Presidential Decrees with General Orders and Letters of Instructions. Prepared and edited by Wenceslao G. Laureta (1973). Presidential Decrees Consequent to Proclamation Nos. 1081/1104; Comp. & Consolidated ed. By F.D. Pinpin (1973- ) v. Presidential Decrees, Letters of Instruction, and Other Presidential. Compiled and bound annual from Malacaang Public Laws Annotated. Edited by Sulpicio Guevarra. (1963). 7v. Public Laws enacted by the Philippine Legislature. Manila: Bureau of Printing. (1910-1935). 24 v. Public Laws of the Commonwealth Annotated by Jacobo & Sons. n.d. 4v.

A. STATUTE LAW BOOKS Public Laws of the Commonwealth Enacted by The National Assembly Manila: Bureau of Printing. (1939-1941). 2 v. Public Laws of the Commonwealth Enacted by The National Assembly of the Philippines. (1935-1946). Edited by Floro P. Agustin. n.d. Public Laws Passed by the Philippine Commission. Manila: Bureau of Printing, (1903-1908). 6 vols. Republic Acts and Resolutions. House of Representatives. Vital Documents on the Proclamation No. 1081 Declaring a State of Martial Law in the Philippines from the Declaration of the New Constitution Jan. 17, 1973) by the National Media Production Center, n. d. 3v.. Vital Legal Document Compiled and edited by the CBS Editorial Staff. 116 v. Vital Legal Document Compiled and edited by the CBS Editorial Staff Second Series. (1997-Present) vol.-present U.S. Congress. Senate. Senate Documents. Laws of the Fourth Philippine Legislature. Washington : Government Printing Office (1918.) vols. 3-4:

A.

STATUTE FINDER (Index) Aguirre, Vyva Victoria. Subject and Title Index to Executive Orders. February 25, 1986 - July 26, 1987 Legis Index No. 1 (1987). Albert, Justo R., and Rizal Gorospe Daga. Philippine Laws Made Easier to Find (1954). Arroyo, Basilisa C., and Perla S. Frianeza. Topical Index: 1986 Presidential Issuances.(1987) Moran, Isabelo C. Index to Republic Acts Nos. 1-1613 (vols. 1-11) Consisting Congressional Bills Enacted (1956) with supplement. Moreno, Federico B. Official Gazette Desk Book. v. 1- (1956) Philippine Annotated Laws. Manila: Lawyers Cooperative Pub. v Philippines, Batasang Pambansa. Library Services. Source List of Executive Orders (1966-1986). (1986) Source List of Letters of Instruction (1972-1986). (1986 Source List of Presidential Decrees Issued from 1972-1986 Philippines. Batasang Pambansa. Library Service. Subject Index to Presidential Decrees Nos. 1-2036. (1985). Philippines. Congress. House of Representatives. Subject Index to Compendium of Philippine Laws. (1989). Vol. 3

A.

STATUTE FINDER (Index) Philippines. Congress. House of Representatives. Index Guide for Executive Order Nos. 1-302. (1989). Philippines. Presidential Decrees and Subject Index by Malacaang Records Office (1976). Philippines. President (Marcos, 1965-1986). Presidential Decrees with General Orders and Letters of Instructions; Prepared and edited by Wenceslao G. Laureta. Manila: Rex Book Store, 1978. vol. 2. Presidential Decrees Guide and Subject Index, No. 1-1000. Manila: Malacaang Records Office (1976). Subject Guide to Presidential Decrees and other Presidential Issuances. 1975-1986. QC: (1975-1987). v. Subject Index to the Official Gazette, 1945-1985 by the Supreme Court Library Services, (1993) 2vols. Vital Legal Documents Index Guide: Covers all Presidential Decrees, Letters of Instructions, General Orders and CB Circulars from volumes 1-25. (1976). *Full Text of Republic Acts. Presidential Issuances, Rules and Regulations of Administrative Agencies, Ordinances are published also in newspapers of general issuances pursuant to Executive Order No. 200 of 1986.

C.

CONSTITUTION

TEXTBOOKS/TREATIES
1. 1987 Constitution Bernas, Joaquin. The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines 2003). Bernas, Joaquin. Constitutional Structure and Powers of the Government (1997). Cruz, Isagani. Constitutional Law. (2003) De Leon, Hector. Philippine Constitutional Law. (2003- 2004) 2 vols. De Leon, Hector. Textbook on the Philippine Constitution (2002) Joven, Jose. Primer on Philippine Government and Constitution. (1989). Martin, Ruperto G. New Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. (1987). Nolledo, J. Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Explained (1992) Padilla, Ambrosio. The 1987 Constitutions of the Republic of the Philippines. With comments and cases (1990) 3 vols. Paulino, Benjamin. The New Constitution: Annotated and Commented. (1990) Santiago, Miriam. Constitution Annotated. (2000) Santiago, Miriam. Constitutional law. (1994) 2 vols. Sibal, J. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines (1994) Suarez, Rolando. Principles, Comments and Cases in Constitutional Law. (1999-2000). 2 vols. Taro, Fe Anonuevo. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines (1989)

TEXTBOOKS/TREATIES
2. Provisional/Freedom Constitution (Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986) De Leon, Hector. Textbook on the provisional constitution. (1986). Martin, Ruperto. Law and Jurisprudence on the Freedom Constitution of the Philippines. (1986) 3. 1973 Constitution Bernas, Joaquin. The (Revised) Philippine Constitution. (1983) 2 vols. Fernando, Emma. Philippine Constitutional Law; Survey of the 1973 Philippine Constitution (1977) Fernando, Enrique. The Constitution of the Philippines. 2d ed. (1977) Martin, Ruperto. The New Constitution of the Philippines. (1973) Mendoza, Honesto. The New Constitution. (1974) Mendoza, Vicente. From McKinleys Instruction to the New Constitution. (1978) Montejo, Cirilo. The New Constitution. (1973) Pe, Cecilio. Mga Paliwanag sa Bagong Saligang Batas. (1975) Santiago, Miriam Defensor. The 1972 Constitution. (1973) Tupaz, Antonio. The New Constitution. (1972)

TEXTBOOKS/TREATIES
4. 1935 Constitution Aruego, Jose. Philippine Political Law. (1950). Cuaderno, M. The Framing of the Constitution of the Philippines. (1937) 2v. Nolledo, J.. Constitution of the Philippines (1971) Sinco, Vicente. The Philippine Political Law. (1962). Villaluz, N. Commentaries and Opinions on the Constitution. (1935) 5. Comparative Pacis, Vicente. Founders of Freedom: History of the Three Philippines Constitutions. (1971.) Padilla, Ambrosio. The 1987 Constitutions of the Republic of the Philippines. vol. 3 pp779-863. Sison, Carmelo. Comparative Study of the of the 1987, 1973, and 1935 Philippine Constitutions. (1999)

LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS To get the latest text of these regulations, one has to go to the specific government agency and/or with the latest technology, they are available in their websites. The following are alternate sources: a. National Administrative Register b. Official Gazette -- Selective publication c. Philippine Law Journals such as Court Systems Journal, Lawyers Review, Philippine Law Gazette, etc. d. Bulletin and/or Newsletter of the Administrative Agency and Instrumentality is the latest source of administrative regulations.

LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
III.
A.

CASE LAW
Case/Court REPORTS

Court of Appeals. Report of Cases Decided by the Court of Appeals of the Philippines. (1961-1980) 25 v. Court of Appeals Reports Annotated: Selected Decisions of the Court of Appeals in 1986/compiled, Annotated and Edited by the Editorial Staff of the Central Lawbook Publishing Co., v. 1- (1988- ) !e-library! A Century & 4 Years of Philippine Supreme Court Decisions 1901-April 2004. Research & Development Department, Agoo Computer College, Agoo, Lau Union, Philippines (CD ROM) Lex Libris: Jurisprudence. CD Asia Technologies Inc. CD ROM) Official Gazette. v.1- present (1901 present). (Selective Publication for each Court e.g. Supreme Court, Court of Appeals) Philippine Laws and Jurisprudence Philippine Reports. vol. 1- present (1904 to present) Philippine Reports Annotated Edited by Vicente J. Francisco. (1933) 29v. Philippine Reports Annotated. Compiled, Annotated and Edited by the Editorial Staff of the Central Central Lawbook Pub., v. 1+ Manila: Central Lawbook Publishing, 1987+ Sandiganbayan Reports. v.1- (1983). Supreme Court Advanced Decisions (SCAD) (2003 to present) vol.- Present Supreme Court Reports Annotated (SCRA). v.1- present (1967-2004) Supreme Court Rulings: /compiled/ by Jose N. Nolledo. (1984). 9v. Supreme Court Unpublished Decisions, March, 1946 to February, 1952, compiled by David Nitafan. v.1- (1991).

III.
B.

CASE LAW
CASE FINDERS (Digest and Index, etc.)

Ateneo de Manila University. Index to Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the Republic of the Philippines. (1961-1975) (1977). Case Digest 1951: Abstracts of Cases Published by the Supreme Court of the Philippines: Camilo D. Quaison, editor. (1952). Case Digest January-June 1953: Camilo D. Quiason, editor. (1953). Case Digest of Supreme Court Decisions by the Supreme Court. (July 1988 to present.) Monthly Castigador, Lerio Caballero. Citations; Excerpts of Supreme Court Decisions (1991) Castillo, Armando C. Subject Index to Published and Unpublished Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. (1952). Del Rosario, Leon S. Index Digest of Philippine Supreme Court Decisions.(1953). Dominguez, Artistotle T. SCEX; 410 Excerpts-Issues From 304 Supreme Court Decisions/Resolution Promulgated from 3 September 31 January 1997. (1997) Gorospe, Rene B. And Echiverri, Lilia F. Index to SCRA Annotation (1994) Index to Supreme Court Decisions by the Supreme Court v. Magsino, Celso L. Compendium of Philippine Jurisprudence: Supreme Court Decisions from 1945 to 1980. (1984-1989) 9v. Supplement. 2v. Martinez, Daniel T. Summary of Supreme Court Rulings. 1985-1997 Annual. Moreno, Federico B. Official Gazette Desk Book. (1956) v.1Navarrete, Antonio F. 1957 Digest-Index - Manila: Printed by Benipayo Press, 1958. Philippines Digest; Digest of the Reports of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands; Covering All Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands and the Philippine Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. (1927-1930). 50v.

B.

CASE FINDERS (Digest and Index, etc.) Republic of the Philippines Digest Covering all Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from July 4,1946, through September 1958 including all Cases Not Officially Published as Well as Cases Reported in the Official Reports and the Official Gazette. (1960-70). 8v. with supplement Santos-Ong, Milagros. Title Index to Supreme Court Decisions. 2v. Santos-Ong, Milagros. Title Index to Supreme Court Decisions; 1978-1982 Supplement Santos-Ong, Milagros. Title Index to Supreme Court Decisions, 1981-1985. Sibal, J.A. Index SCRA Annotations (vols. 1-309) (2001) Supreme Court Subject Index and Digest . (1976) Quarterly, with annual cummulation. vol.1- . Supreme Court Decisions: A Title Index, 1982-1985. Vyva Victoria M. Aguirre, editor. (1987). Supreme Court Reports Annotated (1984). Supreme Court Reports Annotated Quick Index -- Digest. (1972- Present) v.1- present Annual publication Velayos Digest General Index by Jose Agaton Sibal. (1980) 2v. Velayos Digest of Philippine Supreme Court and Court of Appeals Decisions, 19421973; by Ramon M. Velayo. (1963-1970.)

IV.

DICTIONARIES
A. PHILIPPINE Moreno, F. Philippine law dictionary (2000) Agpalo, R. Agpalos Legal Words and Phrases (1997) Sibal, J.A. Philippine legal encyclopedia (1986) Barriatos. Glossary of Philippine Industrial Relations Terms and Phrases (2003) Nolledo, J. Dictionary of Legal Terms (1967) Salao, E. Law Dictionary (2004) Gamboa, M. Dictionary of International law and diplomacy (1975) Isidro. Philippine labor dictionary (1966) Tiopanco, T. Dictionary of insurance terms and phrases (1986) Lee, Handbook of legal maxims (1998) Llanes. A Compilation of Legal Maxims (2004) B. FOREIGN (some) Ballentines law dictionary (1969) Bander & Wallach. Medial legal dictionary (1970) Blacks Law Dictionary (1989) Bouviers Law Dictionary & Concise Encyclopedia 3v. Casselman. Labor Dictionary (1949) Maloys Medical dictionary for lawyers Strouds Judicial dictionary of words and phrases. 5v Words and Phrases 45 vols.

V.

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

A.

PHILIPPINES Philippine Treaty Series (U.P. Law Center) 7 vols. DFA Treaty Series v.1FOREIGN United Nations Treaty Series 1946 to date League of Nations Treaty Series, 1920-1946 Consolidated Treaty Series, 1948-1918 Racueil General de Traites, 1876-present Periodicals such as International Legal Materials, American Journal of International Law

B.

VI.

FORM BOOKS

PHILIPPINE Altavas, E. Real Estate Conveyancing and Other Legal Forms (1950) Fisher, F. New Encyclopedia of Philippine Legal Forms (1926) Fisher, F. Philippine Legal and Business Forms. (1948) Guevarra, Sulpicio. Legal forms. (1991) Ignacio, R. Tagalog Forms For Notaries Public With Other Legal Terms In Tagalog (1967) Martin, Ruperto. Handbook of legal and judicial forms (1974) Pena, N. Legal forms in real estate conveyancing. (1994) Sia, Norma. Legal forms in English and Filipino. (1977) Tanada, Lorenzo. Philippine legal forms. 2 vols. FOREIGN (Some) American Jurisprudence, legal forms annotated. 15 vols. American Jurisprudence, legal forms 2d. ed. 22 vols. American Jurisprudence, pleadings and practice forms, annotated. 27 vols. Fletcher, W. Corporation forms and precedents annotated. (1938). 5 vols. Fletcher, W. Corporation forms annotated. (1957) 10v. Jones, L. Legal Forms Annotated (1946)

LEGAL SOURCES
1. Electronic Sources
1.a. Philippine On-Line Sources Supreme Court E-Library (http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph) Chan Robles Law Firm Virtual Law Library (http://www.chanrobles.com) Arellano Law Foundation (http://www.lawphil.net Pinoy law.com. (http://www.pinoylaw.com) 1.b. Foreign Findlaw.com Lexis Westlaw

1.

Electronic Sources

2.

CD-Roms 1. CD Asia Technologies Inc. (http://www.cdasia.com.ph) The LEX LIBRIS Vol 1 Vol 2 Vol 3 Vol 4 Vol. 5 Vol 6 Vol 7 Vol 8 Vol 9 Vol 10 Vol 11 LAWS (Philippine Edition) TAXATION (Philippine Edition) JURISPRUDENCE (The Supreme Court Reports) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (Opinions of the Secretary). LOCAL AUTONOMY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION ELECTIONS TRADE COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY . SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FAMILY LAW

OTHER TITLES
LEX LIBRIS STUDENT EDITION. BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS. LEX LIBRIS STUDENT EDITION. BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS. THE NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGISTER (1990 TO 2000).

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1986 CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION. IMPEACHMENT PROCEEDINGS AGAINST PRES. JOSEPH E. ESTRADA. 2. !e-library! A Century & 4 Years of Philippine Supreme Court Decisions 1901April 2004. Research & Development Department, Agoo Computer College, Agoo, Lau Union, Philippines 3. 2005 i-LAW Instant CD Supreme Court Decisions from 1901 to February

2.

Philippine Legal Publishers a. Institutional Publishers

National Printing Office Supreme Court of the Philippines University of the Philippines Law Center b. Commercial Publishers Anvil Publications Central Books Supply (http://www.central.com.ph) National Book Store Rex Book Store Legal Materials ( http://rexinteractive.com)