Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Danger Signs
Symptoms
counseling of caretakers.
IF YES
REFER URGENTLY + 1st DOSE of APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTICS & Other URGENT TREATMENT
1. Fast Breathing?
2. No Signs of PNM
SIGNS
TREATMENT ANTIBIOTIC VIT. A TREAT TO PREVENT LOW BLOOD SUGAR REFER! Antibiotic (5 days) Soothe the throat When to Return Follow up in 2 days Soothe the throat When to Return Follow up in 5 days
CUVACS
Fast Breathing
PNEUMONIA
SIGNS
CLASSIFY AS
TREATMENT
CUVACS
1st Dose of Antibiotic Refer * Treat Low Blood Sugar at Vit A Antibiotic (3 days) (+) Wheezing = Rapid acting Bronchodilator (5 days) More than 3 weeks (BAKA TB) Soothe the throat When to Return Follow up in 2 days (+) Wheezing = Rapid acting Bronchodilator (5 days) More than 3 weeks (BAKA TB) Soothe the throat When to Return Follow up in 5 days
Fast Breathing
PNEUMONIA
LOOK & LISTEN: General Condition Sunken Eyeball Not able to drink or eagerly Pinch skin (very slow or slow)
Dehydration If Diarrhea is for 14 days and more If presence of blood in the stool
Dehydration 1. Thirsty Sunken Eyes Slow Skin Pinch 2. Abnormally Sleepy Sunken Eyes Very Slow Skin Pinch
DEHYDRATION 2 of the following signs Sunken eyeball Skin pinch = ery slow Unable to drink Abnormally sleepy 2 of the following signs Sunken eyeball Skin pinch = slow Drinks eagerly Restless Not enough signs to classify as some or se ere dehydration No other se ere classification: Plan C REFER! (ORS/BF) 2 yrs old + (+) cholera in area = Antibiotic Plan B When to Return Follow up in 5 days If not impro ing Plan A Zinc Supplement When to Return Follow up in 5 days
SEVERE DEHYDRATION
SOME DEHYDRATION
NO DEHYDRATION
DEHYDRATION 2 of the following signs Sunken eyeball Skin pinch = ery slow Unable to drink Abnormally sleepy 2 of the following signs Sunken eyeball Skin pinch = slow Drinks eagerly Restless Not enough signs to classify as some or se ere dehydration No other se ere classification: Plan C REFER! (ORS/BF) 2 yrs old + (+) cholera in area = Antibiotic Plan B Zinc Supplement When to Return Follow up in 5 days If not impro ing Plan A Zinc Supplement When to Return Follow up in 5 days
SEVERE DEHYDRATION
SOME DEHYDRATION
NO DEHYDRATION
Diarrhea of 14 days and more 1. 14 days Sunken Eyes Abnormally Sleepy 2. 14 days Sunken Eyes Slow Skin Pinch Restless 3. 14 days No sunken eyes Skin pinch goes back fast
(+) Dehydration
Treat Dehydration Vit. A REFER! Ad ise on feeding Vit. A Follow up in 5 days When to Return
(-) Dehydration
PERSISTENT DIARRHEA
(+) Dehydration
Treat Dehydration REFER! * Vitamin A Ad ise on feeding Gi e multi itamins and minerals + zinc for 14 days Follow up in 5 days *When to Return
(-) Dehydration
PERSISTENT DIARRHEA
DYSENTERY
DYSENTERY
UPDATE
ASK:
Does the child live in a malaria area? Has the child visited/travelled in a malaria area in the past 4 weeks?
IF YES: ASK:
Malaria Risk 1. Li es in Palawan (-) Blood Smear (+) Measles 2. Stayed in Palawan for 1 month (+) Blood Smear CUVAS 3. Had a Vacation in Palawan for 2 months (+) Blood Smear No danger signs and stiff neck
MALARIA RISK Quinine Antibiotic Low Blood Sugar Paracetamol Send the blood smear with client REFER! Oral Antimalarial Paracetamol When to Return Follow up in 2 days
CUVAS
(+) Blood smear > If BS is not done: (-) runny nose (-) measles (-) other cause of fe er (-) Blood smear (+) runny nose (+) measles (+) other cause of fe er
MALARIA
No Malaria Risk
1. Caregi er reported no tra elling for the past year Con ulsion Stiff Neck 2. Caregi er reported of 38 degree celsius temperature of her child with the use of a rectal thermometer
NO MALARIA RISK Antibiotic Low Blood Sugar Paracetamol REFER! Paracetamol When to Return Follow up in 2 days
CUVAS
FEVER: NO MALARIA
months ASK:
LOOK & LISTEN: Signs of measles (cough, runny nose, red eyes) Mouth Ulcers Pus draining from eyes Clouding of cornea
Measles 1. Cough Coryza Conjuncti itis NOW 2. Pus draining from the eye Mouth Ulcer 3. Danger Signs Clouding of the Cornea Deep Mouth Ulcer
Antibiotic Vit. A Tetracycline or Gentian Violet REFER! Vit. A Tetracycline or Gentian Violet Follow up in 2 days When to Return Vit. A When to Return
MEASLES
y If DENGUE risk
ASK: Has the child had any bleeding from nose or gums Has the child had black vomitus? Persistent vomiting? Black stools? Persistent abdominal pain
LOOK & LISTEN: Bleeding in nose and gums Skin petechiae Cold & clammy extremities Tourniquet test
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fe er 1. (-) Persistent Vomiting (-) Tourniquet test 38.1 degree Celsius (-) Melena 2. (+) Black Vomitus (+) Melena (+) Abdominal Pain Epistaxis 3. (+) Tourniquet Test (+) Vomiting (+) Abdominal Pain
BLEEDING Skin petechiae + Tourniquet Test Cold and Clammy ext. Persistent abd pain Persistent omiting Bleeding in Stool
(+)VAST: Plan B Signs of Bleeding: Plan C Low Blood Sugar NO ASPIRIN! REFER!
No signs of SDHF
IF YES:
ASK: Is there Ear Pain? Ear Discharge? How Long?
MASTOIDITIS
Antibiotic Paracetamol REFER! Antibiotic (5 da s) Paracetamol Dr the ear b wicking Follow u in 5 da s When to Return Dr the ear b wicking Follow u in 5 da s When to Return
Discharge of more
da s or
NO EAR INFECTION
No additional treatment
UPDATE Antibiotic Paracetamol REFER! Antibiotic (5 days) Paracetamol Dry the ear by wicking Follow up in 5 days When to Return Dry the ear by wicking Treat with Topical Quinolone Follow up in 5 days When to Return
MASTOIDITIS
NO EAR INFECTION
No additional treatment
LOOK & LISTEN: Visible severe wasting Edema on both feet Palmar pallor: Severe or some? Weight
y Classify nutritional status
VES
Vit. A REFER! Paracetamol Assess childs feeding: Follow up in 5 days (FEEDING PROBLEM) Iron and Mebendazole (12 months + (-) 6 months) Follow up in 14 days Vit. A: Follow up in 30 days (LOW WEIGHT)
UPDATE
VE
SEVERE MALNUTRITION
UPDATE
SEVERE ANEMIA
ANEMIA
No Palmar Pallor
NO ANEMIA
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
AGE Birth 6 weeks 10 weeks 14 weeks 9 months VACCINE BCG DPT1, OPV1, Hep-B1 DPT2, OPV2, Hep-B2 DPT3, OPV3, Hep-B3 Measles
Vitamin A Supplementation Schedule y Give the first dose at 6 months or above. y Give subsequent doses every 6 months.
UPDATE
COTRIMOXAZOLE
y SAME with above doses
UPDATE
COTRIMOXAZOLE
y Same with above doses
UPDATE
y Determine appropriate drugs and dosage for child s age and weight y Tell the reason for giving drugs y How to measure y Watch mother perform measuring dose herself y 1st dose y Explain carefully how to give drugs, then label y Finish all course of tx y Check the mother s understanding before she leaves
CHLOROQUINE
Remember!
y Watch the child carefully for 30 mins. y Itching is a possible side effect but is not dangerous.
antimalarial Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (Fansidar), do not give Iron/Folate until a follow up in two weeks.
CHLOROQUINE (3 days)
AGE DAY 1 2 mos 5 mos (4-<7 kg) 5 mos 12 mos (7-<10 kg) 12 mos 3 yrs (10-<14 kg) 3 yrs 5 yrs (14-<19 kg) 1/2 1/2 1 1 1/2 TABLET ( 150 mg base ) DAY 2 1/2 1/2 1 1 1/2 DAY 3 1
PRIMAQUINE
AGE/WEIGHT P (Single Dose in HC for P.Falcifarum) Tablet (15 mg base) 2 mos 5 mos (4-<7 kg) 5 mos 12 mos (7-<10 kg) 12 mos 3 yrs (10-<14 kg) 3 yrs 5 yrs (14-<19 kg) 1/2 3/4 P (Give Daily for 14 days for P. vivax) Tablet (15 mg base)
UPDATE
Artemeter is 20 mg while Lumefantrine is 120 mg 5 months 3 years (1 tab): 0h, 8h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h 3 years 5 years (2 tabs): 0h, 8h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h
Give Paracetamol
y High Fever y Ear pain
Give Iron
y Give one dose daily for 14 days.
Give Mebendazole/Albendazole
y Give 500 mg Mebendazole as a single dose in health
A (400 mg): M (500 mg): 1 24 mos 59 mos: A (400 mg): 1 M (500 mg): 1
EYE INFECTION
y Treat Eye Infection 3 times daily y Tetracycline Eye Oinment
EAR INFECTION
y Dry the Ear by wicking atleast 3 times daily
MOUTH ULCERS
y Treat Mouth ulcers with Gentian Violet y Treat the mouth ulcers twice daily
COUGH
y Soothe the Throat, Relieve the Cough with Safe
Remedy
y BF, Tamarind, Calamansi, Ginger
Do not give:
y Codeine cough syrup y Other cough syrups y Oral and nasal decongestants y Antitussives
an oral antibiotic:
y GIVE 1st DOSE of IM CHLORAMPHENICOL
UPDATE
disease/ malaria:
y GIVE 1st DOSE OF IM QUININE
y If Referral is not possible: y Give 1st IM QUININE y Remain lying down for 1 hour y Repeat injection 4-8 hours, then 12 hours until child is able to take oral anti malarial
REMEMBER!!!
y DO NOT GIVE QUININE TO A CHILD LESS THAN 4
MONTHS OF AGE.
TREAT HYPOGLYCEMIA
y If the child is able to breastfeed: y If unable to breastfeed, but able to swallow: y Give EXPRESSED MILK/BREASTMILK SUB y SUGAR WATER y Make sugar water: 20gms sugar + 200ml water
y If unable to swallow: y 50 ml of milk or sugar water thru NGT y If unconscious & NGT is not possible: y Give D10 IV y Give D50 slow push
Up to 2 years 50 to 100 ml each stool 2 years & more 100 -200 ml each stool
Age Weight In ml
Things to Remember!
y What if the child vomits? y What will you do after 4 hours? y Reassess child classify DHN y Select app. Plan to continue TX y Begin feeding the child in health center y If the Mother must leave before completing treatment: y Prepare ORS, Give enough ORS packs, Plan A Rules
hours.
PNEUMONIA
y After 2 days y If (+) chest indrawing or a general danger sign:
URGENT REFERRAL
y If breathing, fever,& eating are the same:
PERSISTENT DIARRHEA
y After 5 days y If the diarrhea has not stopped: REASSESS, TREAT,
then REFER
y If the diarrhea has stopped: Inform the mother to
DYSENTERY
y After 2 days y If the child is dehydrated: 2nd line antibiotics for 5
antibiotics
MALARIA
y If fever persists after 2 days, or returns after 14 days:
FEVER-MALARIA UNLIKELY
y If fever persists after 2 days: ASSESS, CLASSIFY y If (+) CUVAS: Treat as VERY SEVERE MALARIA y If Malaria is the only apparent cause of fever: y Blood smear, 1st line antimalarial
Treat accordingly
y If (-) travel to a malarious area and blood smear(-): y +CUVA - Refer
Eye Infection y If (+) pus draining from the eye: Correct tx=refer, wrong tx=teach mother correct tx
y If (-) pus but (+) redness : Continue tx y If (-) pus & (-) redness: Stop Tx
Mouth Ulcers
y If ulcers are worse: REFER y If ulcers are the same or better: CONTINUE HALF
y If no apparent cause of fever: y Advise mother to return daily until child has had no fever for at least 48 hours
EAR INFECTION
y After 5 days: ASSESS, CLASSIFY y If (+) tender swelling behind the ear or high fever:
Treat as MASTOIDITIS
y Acute ear infection: If ear pain or discharge
y Chronic Ear infection: CONTINUE EAR WICKING y If no ear pain or discharge: FINISH ANTIBIOTIC,
PRAISE HER!!!
FEEDING PROBLEM
y After 5 days y Counsel the mother for any new or continuing feeding
problem
y If the child is very low weight for age: Ask mother to
return in 30 DAYS
ANEMIA
y After 14 days y Give Iron y If the child has any palmar pallor after 2 months:
REFER
MOTHER!!!
y If still low weight for age: COUNSEL
Feeding Recommendations
0-4mos
Breastfeed Do
4-6mos
Breastfeed
6-12mos
Breastfeed
12mos-2yrs
Breastfeed Gi
Gi
FOLLOW-UP VISITS If the child has: Pneumonia Dysentery Malaria, If fe er persists Fe er-Malaria Unlikely, If fe er persists Fe er (No Malaria), If fe er persists Measles with eye/mouth complications Dengue Hemorrhagic Fe er Unlikely, If fe er persists Persistent Diarrhea Acute & Chronic Ear Infection Feeding Problem Anemia ery ow weight for age Return for follow-up in:
2 days
5 days
14 days 30 days
No Pneumonia: Cough or Cold Child with Diarrhea Fe er: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fe er Unlikely
Severe e ia r Very Severe Disease ersiste t Diarr ea Severe ersiste t Diarr ea Severe C licate Measles licati s Measles it ye M t C Measles Severe Mal triti Severe e ia ei t y e Very
Severe PNM or VSD PNM Severe DHN (with cholera in the Area) Dysentery VSFD/ Malaria VSFD Severe Complicated Measles Mastoiditis Acute Ear Infection
REMINDERS
y All sick children with any of the CUVA should receive
referred urgently to hospital except for Severe DHN & Severe Persistent Diarrhea.
ASK:
LOOK & LISTEN: RR, Chest Indrawing, Nasal Flaring, Bulging Fontanelles, Pus in ear, Draining pus at the umbilicus, Temperature, Skin Pustules, abnormally asleep
y Classify all Young Infants
IM Antibiotic Glucose Warmth REFER! Antibiotic (5 days) Treat Local Infection Follow-up in 2 days
POSSIBLE SERIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION LOCAL BACTERIAL INFECTION SEVERE DISEASE/ LOCAL BACTERIAL INFECTION UNLIKELY
IM Antibiotic Glucose Warmth REFER! Antibiotic (5 days) Treat Local Infection Follow-up in 2 days Ad ise Mother to gi e home care
DEHYDRATION
SAME
SEVERE DEHYDRATION
SAME
SOME DEHYDRATION
NO DEHYDRATION
Plan A
DYSENTERY
REFER!
Not
IM antibiotic Glucose Warmth REFER! ise mother on breastfeeding Treat Thrush Follow-up feeding problem or thrush in 2 days Follow up low weight for age in 14 days Home care Praise the mother
Ad
well attached Not sucking effecti ely < 8 breastfeeds in 24 FEEDING hours PROBLEM OR Low weight for age LOW WEIGHT Thrush
Not
Not low weight for age and no other signs of inadequate feeding
NO FEEDING PROBLEM
UPDATE
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
AGE irt 6 weeks VACCINE CG DPT1, OPV1, Hep1
REMEMBER!!!
y Avoid cotrimoxazole in infants less than 1 month of
Gentamicin IM.
UPDATE
nipple y Infant s body close to her body y Support infant s whole body y Touch infant s lips with her nipple
y Wait until her infant s mouth is opening wide y Move the infant quickly onto the breast
FOLLOW-UP VISITS If the child has: Local bacterial Infection Any Feeding Problem Thrush Low weight for age Return for follow-up in: 2 days 14 days
WHEN TO RETURN IMMEDIATELY Breastfeeding or drinking poorly Becomes sicker De elops a fe er Fast breathing Difficult breathing Blood in stool
FEEDING PROBLEM
y After 2 days y Counsel the mother for any new or continuing feeding
DAYS
LOW WEIGHT
y After 14 days y If no longer low weight for age: PRAISE y If still low weight for age, but is feeding well: y COME AGAIN y If still low weight for age & still has a feeding problem:
RETURN IN 14 DAYS
THRUSH
y After 2 days y If Thrush is worse or (+) problems with attachment or
suckling: REFER
y If Thrush is the same or better and is feeding well: