Chapter 4

Network

ITD12103 - Introduction to Information Technology

Chapter Contents

Section A: Network Building Blocks Section B: Wired Networks Section C: Wireless Networks Section D: Using LANs

ITD12103 - Introduction to Information Technology

Network Building Blocks

Network Classifications LAN Standards Network Devices Clients, Servers, and Peers Physical Topology Network Links Communications Protocols
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Question

Networks come in many sizes and use many different technologies, yet they all need to communicate with each other. What is the key to network intercommunication? A. Packet switching B. Network protocols C. Network topology D. Peer-to-peer technology
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Network Classifications

Personal Area Network (PAN) interconnection of personal digital devices Local Area Network (LAN) usually connects computers in a single building Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) public high-speed network with range of about 50 miles Wide Area Network (WAN) consists of several smaller networks
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LAN Standards

LAN technologies are standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Project 802 Local Network Standards

IEEE 802.3 ARCnet Token Ring FDDI Ethernet

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Network Devices

Each connection point on a network is referred to as a node To connect to a LAN, a computer requires network circuitry, sometimes referred to as a network interface card (NIC) A networked peripheral, or network-enabled peripheral, is any device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network A network device, or network appliance, is any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination
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Network Devices

ITD12103 - Introduction to Information Technology

Clients, Servers, and Peers

Network devices can function as clients or as servers Application server File server Print server Networks that include one or more servers can operate in client/server mode

ITD12103 - Introduction to Information Technology

Physical Topology

The arrangement of devices in a network is referred to as its physical topology Star Ring Bus Mesh Tree Two similar networks can be connected by a device called a bridge Gateway is a generic term for any device or software code used to join two networks
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Network Links

A communications channel, or link, is a physical path or frequency for signal transmissions Bandwidth is the transmission capacity of a communications channel

Broadband Narrowband

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Communications Protocols

Rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another:

Divide messages into packets Affix addresses to packets Initiate transmission Regulate flow of data Check for transmission errors Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data
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Communications Protocols

A packet is a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network

Circuit-switching technology vs. packet switching technology

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Communications Protocols

Every packet that travels over a network includes the address of its destination device A MAC address is a unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured An IP address is a series of numbers used to identify a network device IP addresses can also be obtained through DHCP
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Wired Networks

Wired Network Basics Ethernet Ethernet Equipment Ethernet Setup

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Question

Suppose youre setting up a network in your home or apartment. You want all of the computers to access the cable modem that provides Internet access. What is the one additional component that you should purchase to tie the network together? A. A router B. A network interface card C. A file server D. A HomePlug Ethernet port
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Wired Network Basics

A wired network uses cables to connect network devices Wired networks are fast, secure, and simple to configure Devices tethered to cables have limited mobility

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Ethernet

Simultaneously broadcasts data packets to all network devices

IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD protocol

Vary in speed from 10Mbps to 100Gbps

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Ethernet

On an Ethernet, data travels on a first-come, first-served basis. If two workstations attempt to send data at the same time, a collision occurs. That data must be resent.

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Ethernet Equipment

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Ethernet Equipment

Ethernet adapter (designed to support the Ethernet protocols) Network hub Network switch Network router RJ45 connector

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Ethernet Setup

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Ethernet Setup

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Wireless Networks

Wireless Basics Bluetooth Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Equipment Wi-Fi Setup

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Question

When youre setting up a wireless network, you see an option asking if you want to broadcast the network SSID. You should: A. Change the default SSID and broadcast it while you set up the network. B. Turn SSID broadcasting off so that hackers dont know the networks encryption key. C. Make sure SSID is broadcasting so that your network is protected by strong encryption. D. Activate SSID broadcasting or else the network devices wont be able to send data to the router.
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Wireless Basics

A wireless network transports data from one device to another without cables or wires

RF signals

Transceiver

Microwaves Infrared light

Slower than wired networks Security concerns

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Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short-range, wireless network technology designed to make its own connections between electronic devices, without wires, cables, or any direct action from a user

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Wi-Fi

Wireless networking technologies that are compatible with Ethernet MIMO technology uses two or more antennas to send multiple sets of signals

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Wi-Fi Equipment

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Wi-Fi Equipment

If your computer is not pre-equipped with wireless circuitry, you can purchase and install a Wi-Fi adapter

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Wi-Fi Equipment

Wireless network setups

Wireless ad-hoc network Wireless infrastructure network

Wireless access point Wireless router

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Wi-Fi Setup

Set up the router Connect to the router with a computer Configure the router Access the router setup utility Create a new router password

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Wi-Fi Setup

Enter an SSID for the network Activate WEP, WPA, or PSK and create an encryption key Set up the wireless workstations Connect an Internet access device

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Wi-Fi Setup

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Using LANs

LAN Advantages and Challenges Sharing Files Sharing Printers LAN Parties Troubleshooting

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Question

There are many ways to share files among the computers on a network. Which one of the following is the LEAST secure way to share files? A. Use a file server. B. Activate file sharing for the root directory of all the computers in the network. C. Designate specific folders on your computer as shared. D. Put files you want to share in the Public ITD12103 - Introduction to 36 folder. Information Technology

LAN Advantages and Challenges

LANs enable people to work together Sharing networked software can reduce costs Sharing data on a LAN can increase productivity Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and specialized peripheral devices
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LAN Advantages and Challenges

Resources become unavailable when network malfunctions Networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access More vulnerable than standalone computers Wireless networks can be tapped from a snooping computer Networked computers are susceptible to an increasing number of worms, Trojan horses, and blended threats

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Sharing Files

If you use Windows, it automatically detects available LANs any time you turn on a workstation To connect to a shared resource, you might be asked for a user ID and password
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Sharing Files

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Sharing Files

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Sharing Printers

Three setups allow for printer sharing:

Set up printer sharing using a workstation printer Set up printer sharing using a print server Install printer with built-in networking

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Sharing Printers

You can designate the printer attached to your computer as sharable over the network.

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LAN Parties

A LAN party is a gathering of people who connect their own computers to a LAN, usually to play multiplayer computer games No special hardware usually is required Game must have multiplayer capability
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Troubleshooting

Network problems can stem from a variety of sources

Cables Signal strength Security Interference Network devices Settings

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True/False Questions

In a network, a server is a computer that provides services to other computers called peers. Star, ring, and mesh are examples of network topologies. When you send an e-mail message over a network, it is chopped up into packets. The IP address assigned to your computer on the Internet is derived from your computers MAC address. Some network technologies use home telephone or 46 electric cabling for ITD12103 - Introduction to computer networks. Information Technology

True/False Questions

The most popular type of wired network is Ethernet. Network speeds are measured in megabytes and gigabytes. Many wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data. Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for WANs.
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True/False Questions

A wireless infrastructure network uses a centralized broadcasting device, such as a wireless access point or router. Wireless networks are less secure than wired networks. WEP, WPA, and PSK are examples of Wi-Fi networks. Public key encryption uses a public key to encrypt messages, but a private key is required ITD12103 - Introduction to 48 Information to decrypt messages. Technology