INDEX

 Introduction.

 What is Global Warming?

 Green House Effect.

 Effects of CO2.

 Effects of other Gases.

 Impacts.

 Findings.

 What we can do to stop Global Warming?

 Solutions.
 Group
Members
KETAKI BHALERAO …...…………………………………………………………………..
13

MINI MENON…………………………………………………………………………………
52

ANAND BHARADIA………………………………………………………………………….
39

ABHIJEET……………………………………………………………………………………...
11

HEMANGI AGNIHOTRI……………………………………………………………………....
65

GOVIND NIKAM………………………………………………………………………………
70
 What is Global Warming?

 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's

temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate. When
scientists talk about the issue of climate change, their concern is
about global warming caused by human activities. , in particular
the burning of fossil fuels and the resulting buildup of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, have influenced this warming trend.
 Natural Green House Effect
 Sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes easily through the earth's
atmosphere. Once it strikes and warms the earth's surface,
lnfrared radiation is given off and goes back into the atmosphere.
While some of this Infrared radiation or heat escapes into space,
most of it is absorbed or held by carbon dioxide and other green
gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
and ozone that exist in small quantities in the atmosphere.

 These gases form a `blanket' that keeps the earth an average of

33 degrees centigrade warmer.

 Without these gases the whole planet would be an icy wasteland

with an average temperature of 16 degrees centigrade below
freezing
The Greenhouse Effect
 Increase in carbon dioxide cause
the earth to get warmer
 CO2 contributes about 50% to the greenhouse effect
 Carbon dioxide is produced from burning wood, coal, gas, etc.
 The increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing the
heat being absorbed from the earth.
 This trapped heat increases the evaporation of water from the oceans
into the air to cause a greater increase in warming of the atmosphere.
CO2 has a forcing effect on climate.
 Effects of other gases
 Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal,
natural gas, and oil. decomposition of organic wastes in municipal
solid waste landfills and the raising of livestock.

 Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial

activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.

 Very powerful greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring

include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are generated in a variety of
industrial processes.
The Earth's rising temperatures are chiefly the result of the burning
of fossil fuels (which puts carbon dioxide a heat-trapping or
greenhouse gas in the atmosphere). Scientists, however, do not
currently agree that human-caused global warming is a significant
 Impacts of Global Warming?
 The climate system varies through natural, internal processes and in
response to variations in external forcing factors including solar activity,
volcanic emissions, variations in the earth's orbit (orbital forcing) and
greenhouse gases.

 The detailed causes of the recent warming remain an active field of

research, but the scientific consensus identifies increased levels of
greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main influence. This
attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, for which the most
detailed data are available.

 Contrasting with the scientific consensus, other hypotheses have been

proposed to explain most of the observed increase in global temperatures.
One such hypothesis is that the warming is caused by natural fluctuations in
the climate or that warming is mainly a result of variations in solar radiation.

 None of the effects of forcing are instantaneous. Due to the thermal

inertia of the Earth's oceans and slow responses of other indirect effects, the
Earth's current climate is not in equilibrium with the forcing imposed. Climate
commitment studies indicate that even if greenhouse gases were stabilized


Millions at Risk of Hunger and Water

Stress in Asia Unless Global
Greenhouse Emissions Cut
Climate Change Hits Hard on Latin America
and the Caribbean.
Polar bear "walking on thin ice"
across the Arctic in order to
reach marine seal-hunting
grounds.
Algae fills a pool fed by Canada Glacier in the Dry Valleys region of
Antarctica with some experts forecasting the melting of half the
Arctic’s summer sea ice by the century’s end.
The Arctic is heating up at least twice as fast as the rest of the
planet, according to the final report of the Arctic Climate Impact
Assessment
The Esperanza surrounded by small ice floats in the Ross
Sea, Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
 Findings of IPCC

 The United Nations formed a group of scientists called

the INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE OR
IPCC.
 The IPCC was established in 1988 to study climate
change information.
 The group doesn’t do independent research but
instead reviews scientific literature from around the
world.
 The group’s goal is to produce “a balanced reporting of
existing viewpoints” on the causes of global warming.
 The IPCC meets every few years to review the latest
scientific findings and write a report summarizing all that
is known about global warming.
 Some of the findings are as
under
 The 1990’s was the warmest decade, and
1998 the warmest year on global record.

 The burning of coal, oil & gas has increased

the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by 30%
over natural levels

 The Earth is warming faster than at any time

in the past 10,000 years
 What we can do, to stop
GLOBAL WARMING?
 Use the washing machine or dishwasher only when
they are full
 Take a shower instead of a bath
 Use less hot water
 Be sure you’re recycling at home
 Reuse your shopping bag
 Plant a tree
 Buy locally grown and produced foods
 Buy fresh foods instead of frozen
 Seek out and support local farmers markets
 Buy organic foods as much as possible
 Eat less meat
What we can do, to stop GLOBAL WARMING?
 Reduce the number of miles you drive by walking,
biking, carpooling or taking mass transit wherever
possible
 Keep your car tuned up
 Drive carefully and do not waste fuel
 When it is time for a new car, choose a more fuel
efficient vehicle
 Try car sharing
 Try telecommuting from home
 Fly less
 Encourage your school or business to reduce
emissions
 Join the virtual march
 Encourage the switch to renewable energy
 Protect and conserve forest worldwide
 Consider the impact of your investments
 Make your city cool
 Tell Congress to act
 Make sure your voice is heard!
 Solution for Global Warming?
 We have the technology and ingenuity to reduce the threat of global
warming today. Solutions are already available that will stimulate various
economy for different countries by creating jobs, saving consumers
money, and protecting our national security. By investing in renewable
energy and energy efficiency, and increasing the efficiency of the cars we
drive, we can take essential steps toward reducing our dependence on oil
and other fossil fuels that cause global warming.

 Using energy more efficiently and moving to renewable energy (wind,

solar, geothermal, and bio energy) would significantly reduce our
emissions of heat-trapping gases. The United States currently produces 70
percent of its electricity from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil,
but only two percent from renewable sources. Since the burning of fossil
fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide—the leading cause of
global warming—but renewable energy does not, increasing the share of
our electricity generated from renewable resources is one of the most
effective ways to reduce global warming emissions.

 By putting energy efficiency, renewable energy, and vehicle technology

solutions in place at the federal level, we can reduce our contribution to
 Individual

 What difference can I make ? When faced with this

question, individuals should recognize that collectively they
can make a difference

 Recycling newspapers, plastics, glass and metal will help a

lot.
 Industry Actions

 Industry can take a leading role in focusing serious attention on

global warming

 Everyone knows that reducing waste is good for the environment.

What most people don’t know is that solid waste reduction and recycling
help address global climate change. How? By decreasing the amount of
heat-trapping greenhouse gases that are linked to everyday trash.
 International

 Climate change is a global problem requiring action from the entire

international community. Countries from around the world are working
together to share technologies, experience, resources and talent to lower
net greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the threat of global climate
change.

 One important strategy for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions

is developing and sharing climate-friendly technologies.
At last, we have to diffuse the
bomb of
“ GLOBAL WARMING”
Spread the word! Tell other people things
that they can do to help prevent global
warming.

- Remember -- Every person makes a

difference!