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FRICTION BEHAVIOUR OF CERAMICS

Click to edit Master subtitle style Presented byAMIT YADAV ARUN SIVARAJ GAURAV BISHT MOHIT DAHARAN SHAIBY TOMAR

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Ceramics

The term ceramic comes from the Greek word keramikos,which means burnt stuff Usually compound between metallic and non-metallic elements Always composed of more than one element Bonds are partially or totally ionic, and 4/18/12 can have combination of ionic

MANUFACTURING OF CERAMICS

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Properties of ceramics

Hard and brittle High compressive strength Good electric and thermal insulators High melting temperature Good aesthetic appearance

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Classification of Ceramics

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Glasses

Fine grained polycrystalline material Main ingredient is Silica (SiO2) If cooled very slowly will form crystalline structure. If cooled more quickly will form amorphous structure consisting of disordered and linked chains of Silicon and Oxygen atoms.

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Whitewares

Crockery Floor and wall tiles Sanitary-ware Electrical porcelain Decorative ceramics
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Refractories

Firebricks for furnaces and ovens. Have high Silicon or Aluminium oxide content.

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Abrasive Ceramics

Used to cut away, grind material High Hardness High wear resistance High degree of toughness

Example: silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, etc.


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Ceramic Crystal structures

Rock Salt Structure

Cesium Chloride Structure

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Ceramic Crystal structures

contd..

Zinc Blende Structure 4/18/12

Barium titanate Structure

Stability of ceramics depend on two factors:

Coordination number: maximum number of ions adjacent to another ion without overlap in electron orbitals Electronegativity: how willing atoms are to accept electrons
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Application:

Tooling Biomedical ceramic brake discs High voltage insulators and spark plugs Ceramic parts for gas turbine engines Wear plates and thermal barriers

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FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF CERAMICS

Combine low density with excellent mechanical properties

Ceramic pairs are commonly used in extreme environmental conditions

Shows limited plastic flow at room temperature

Mainly adhesive forces present

Low real 4/18/12 area of contact leads to low friction

VARIATION OF COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION WITH VARIOUS PARAMETERS

Coefficient of friction with sliding speed Coefficient of friction with fracture toughness

Coefficient of friction with normal load 4/18/12

Coefficient of friction with sliding speed


. 6

Coe ffici ent . of 4 frict ion , .

AL2O3

2 0

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Sliding speed , (Ms-1) For Al2O3,ZrO2,SiC and Si3N4

Coefficient of friction with Fracture toughness


1 . 8 Coefficient of friction , . 6 . 4 . 2 0 2 4 6 8

Fracture toughness(Mpa m1/2) Coefficient of friction as a function of fracture toughness for a sharp diamond pin on disks made of SiC,Si3N4,Al2O3,ZrO2 4/18/12 produced under various hot pressing processes

Coefficient of friction with Normal load


. 8 . 6

C o ef . fi 4 ci e nt . 2 of fr 0 ic 0 2 4 6 8 1 ti 0 o Normal n, load (N) For Al2O3,Sic,Si3N4 and ZrO2 4/18/12

Coefficient of friction with temperature

. 8

Coe ffici ent of frict ion,

. 6 . 4

. 2 20 0 40 60 80 0 0 0 Temperature(0 C) 100 0

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For Al2O3 and ZrO2

Unlubricated Friction of CeramicCeramic Contacts

strongly influenced by sliding conditions, temperature and the presence of moisture

The deformation processes taking place in a dry ceramic contact can be classified as :

Ductile and Brittle

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Ductile deformation:

In ductile deformation, observed usually under moderate sliding conditions, an asperity contact causes plastic flow and displacement of material rather than its removal.

Brittle deformation:

In contrast, brittle deformation is characterized by extensive fracture along the grain boundaries during an asperity contact. This type of deformation dominates at high contact stresses and/or in systems where one counterface is much harder than the other. Entire grains of a ceramic can be detached by brittle fracture and debris is formed by the subsequent fragmentation of these grains. Severe wear usually accompanied by high friction is observed. 4/18/12

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Physical properties of typical engineering ceramics.

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The tribological characteristics of ceramics are complex and depend on the following factors:

material composition and properties sliding conditions (speed, load and temperature) surrounding environment the type of counterface
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Tribological characteristics of selected ceramics in unlubricated self-mated contacts

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Dry Friction of Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

The coefficient of friction of ceramics are usually increased at elevated temperatures Although in certain temperature ranges reduction has been recorded for silicon based , alumina ceramics Alumina ceramics suffer increased value of coefficient of friction at high temperatures in air 4/18/12 which is usually due to abrasion

Variation of coefficient of friction with Temperature

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Friction of Ceramics in the Presence of Water or Humid Air

Water and/or atmospheric moisture can affect the ceramics in both positive and negative ways The most beneficial effect of moisture is the formation of a thin soft hydrated layer on the ceramic surface which acts as a lubricant The lubricating layer can be formed on both alumina and silicon-based ceramics However, if the depth of the hydrated layer becomes excessively large then a form of corrosion occurs in the

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Friction of Ceramics Against Metallic Materials

Metallic alloys, in particular steel and cast iron , have been widely studied as sliding counterfaces to ceramics. The coefficient of friction in dry ceramic-metal contacts depends on the type of metallic counterface and the load/speed conditions

Broad ranges of coefficients of friction for various metallic counterfaces have been reported: 0.2 0.8 for steels and cast irons , 0.2 - 0.5 for softer materials such as brass, bronze, 4/18/12 aluminium and copper and 0.3 - 0.4 for cobalt-

Mechanism of metal adhesion to a ceramic surface and the formation of a metallic transfer layer.

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Mechanism of metal adhesion to a ceramic surface and the formation of a metallic transfer layer.

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Friction behavior of Alumina ceramics in aqueous solutions with different pH


INTRODUCTION :

Friction behavior of ceramics can be significantly improved by using them in water or humid air rather than in a dry atmosphere We have investigated the friction behavior of alumina ceramics in different water-lubricated conditions with a range of pH values from 0.85 to 13. Based on the results of reciprocating sliding tests, we found that the the coefficient of friction vary from 0.2 to 4/18/12 0.6

EXPERIMENT:

Materials used - alumina plate (300mm length )and cylindrical pins (dia. 16.6mm

The experiments were performed in a reciprocating sliding device with a 7mm stroke

The frequency of oscillation was 1 Hz Use distilled water and HCl (with different pH value) as lubricant 4/18/12

RESULT:

Fig: coefficient of friction as a function of pH.

The low values (about 0.22) of the coefficient of friction were obtained in the acidic and alkaline conditions at pH 0.85 and 13 Higher friction (about 0.55) was measured for all the other 4/18/12

CONCLUSION:

The coefficient of friction varied from about 0.2 to about 0.6 depending on the pH If the pH was very low (acid: pH 0.85) or very

high (alkaline: pH 13), the coefficient of friction was low These findings suggest an increased potential for achieving the desired friction behavior if the proper water-lubrication conditions are applied
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THANK YOU
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