MICROOBES &

DISEASES
 Disease

It is a condition when normal

functioning of body is disturbed.So
disease is a departure from normal
health through structural or functional
disorder of the body.
 TYPES OF DISEASES

Diseases are classified in two types:-

• Communicable.
• Non-Communicable.
 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

 These diseases are caused by pathogens like

bacteria,virus,protozoa,fungi etc.These can spread
from sick person to healthy person by means of air,
water,food etc.
Disease caused by Bacteria:-

1. Tuberculosis (T.B).
2. Cholera.
3. Typhiod.
4. Tetanus.
5. Whooping Cough(Pertussis).
 Tuberculosis:-

T.B is caused by bacterium

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
It mainly affects
lungs,brain,eyes, and
intestine.It occurs mainly in
unhygienic
& congested areas.
Symptoms:-Low grade
fever, Chest pain, Loss of
weight,cough.
Prevention:-BCG Vaccine.
Issolation of T.B. patient.
 Cholera:-It is caused by
bacterium vibrio
cholerae.these are coma
shaped bacteria. it is more
common during fairs & floods.
it is transmitted through
contaminated food & water it
affects all age groups.
Symptoms:-Watery
stool(Dehideration),Sunken
eyes, Hollow checks, Low BP,
Dry tongue.
Prevention:-Neat & clean
food free from contamination,
Boiled water, Cholera Vaccine.
 Typhiod:-It is caused by Salmonella typhi. It
usually infects intestine. It is transmitted through food,
water & flies.
Symptoms:- Headache & Fever.
Red colour rashes on upper abdomen.
Prevention:-Contamination of food & Water should
be prevented, TAB Vaccine, Proper disposal of human
faeces.
Tetanus:- It is caused by Clostridium tetani.this
disease is also called as Lockjaw because in the last
phase the patients jaws are tightly closed or locked.

Prevention:-By giving prophy lactic doses of Tetanus

Toxaid (TT vaccination)
 Whooping Cough

It is caused by a bacillus Bordetella pertusis.it is

spread by discharge from the throat of the infected
person.

Prevention:-
DPT is given to protect children from three
diseases-diphtheria , tetanus & whooping cough.
 Diseases caused by virus

2. AIDS.
3. Common Cold.
4. Influenza.
5. Rabies.
 AIDS
(Acquired Immuno
Deficiency Syndrome)
It is caused by a
retrovirus.
Symptoms:-Swollen
lymph nodes,fever,night
sweats,weight loss.
Transmition of AIDS
Sexual contact,
contaminated blood
transfusion from mother
to child during
pregnancy,
through infected
needles
Prevention:-AIDS Edu.
Program.
 Common Cold

It is caused by Rhinovirus.It is drop-let infection

by sneezing or coughing.
Symptoms:-
Watery secretion through nose, fever & headache.
Prevention:-
The patient should cover mouth & nose while
coughing & sneezing.
 Influenza
It is caused by Myxovirus influenzae.It is similar to that
of common cold.
Symptoms:-
Common Cold, Coughing,Body-ache,Sneezing.
Prevention:-
5. Keep away from the influenza patients.
6. Do not use the articles like handkerchief, towel etc.
used by the patient.
 Rabies (Hydrophobia)
 It is caused by rabies virus. it is 100% fatal disease.
Virus enters the human body with saliva of an
infected animal, generally by bite of the dog,cat,fox
etc.
 Symptoms:- Fear from the water, high fever with
headache, choked throat , alternating stages of
excitement & depression, paralysis.
 Prevention:-
4. Eradication of the stray dogs. Killing of rabid
animals.
5. The wound should be washed with soap & water.
6. Immunization of pets.
 Designed By:-

S. Charnjit Singh Brar (Science Master)

S. Balwinder Singh (Science Master)
Govt.High.School ,
Jiwanwala (Fdk.)
Punjab.