IANS ATC

EUROCONTROL

JET & TURBOPROP ENGINES

ACFT 3

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson objectives
EUROCONTROL

Explain the operating principle of a jet engine [2] Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the jet engines [2] List different types of jet engines [1] Explain the operating principle of a turboprop engine [2] Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the turboprop engines [2]
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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson structure
EUROCONTROL

Jet engines Different types of jet engines Turboprop engines Examples

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Jet engines
Introduction
EUROCONTROL

Jet engine: Intakes air The air is then compressed Fuel is injected and burned Exhaust gas is directed backwards Reaction force is created - THRUST

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Jet engines
Main parts
Compressors Combustion chamber Turbines
High pressure turbine Low pressure turbine
EUROCONTROL

Low pressure compressor

High pressure compressor

SHAFTS

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Jet engines
Basic principle of operation
Compressors Combustion chamber Turbines
High pressure turbine Low pressure turbine
EUROCONTROL

Low pressure compressor

High pressure compressor

SHAFTS

COMBUSTION INDUCTION
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Jet engines
Start / Shutdown
EUROCONTROL

Engine start is achieved by: External power turning the compressors Fuel is added and ignited Gradually the amount of fuel is increased until the compressors can run on its own Engine shutdown is achieved by: Cutting the fuel off

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Jet engines
Factors affecting thrust
EUROCONTROL

The THRUST produced by a jet engine is proportional to the mass of the air pushed backward and its acceleration.

THRUST = M x (Ve Vi) per time

Temperature: Cold weather More thrust Warm weather Less thrust
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Altitude: Speed: High altitude High speed Less thrust Less thrust Low altitude Low speed More thrust More thrust
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Jet engines
Advantages / Disadvantages
EUROCONTROL

Advantages: Jet engines are fuel efficient at high altitudes High power output allows construction of larger aircraft High speeds give the potential for long range flights Smooth running system, low vibrations High thrust to weight ratio (approx 4) Small front cross-section (less drag) Better mechanical efficiency Higher reliability
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Jet engines
Advantages / Disadvantages
EUROCONTROL

Disadvantages: The thrust depends on the outside air temperature Power changes are slow to take effect Jet engine requires a climb to be economical

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson structure
EUROCONTROL

Jet engines Different types of jet engines Turboprop engines Examples

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
RAM JET ENGINE
EUROCONTROL

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
TWIN SHAFT JET ENGINE
EUROCONTROL

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
JET ENGINE WITH AFTERBURNER
EUROCONTROL

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
BY PASS JET ENGINE
EUROCONTROL

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
TURBOFAN
EUROCONTROL

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Types of jet engines
EUROCONTROL

Ram jet engine Twin shaft jet engine Jet engine with afterburner By-pass jet engine

TURBOFAN

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson structure
EUROCONTROL

Jet engines Different types of jet engines Turboprop engines Examples

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Turboprop engines
Basic principle of operation
EUROCONTROL

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Turboprop engines
Advantages / Disadvantages
EUROCONTROL

Advantages: As for the jet engine, and: Higher efficiency in dense air (lower levels) Shorter runways Minimum drag in case of engine failure Disadvantages: Propeller loose efficiency at high altitudes Vibration levels are slightly higher En-route weather discomfort Slow (older generation of turboprops)
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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson structure
EUROCONTROL

Jet engines Different types of jet engines Turboprop engines Examples

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

Boeing 747 400 Engine(s): 4 Pratt & Whitney, TURBOFANS thrust 60 000 lb. (each) Performance: Max. speed 510 kt Operational ceiling FL450 Range 7670 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

Boeing 737 300 Engine(s): 2 CFM, TURBOFANS thrust 20 000 lb. (each) Performance: Max. speed 420 kt Operational ceiling FL370 Range 1600 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

Lear jet 25 Engine(s): 2 General Electric, JETS thrust 2950 lb. (each)

Performance: Max. speed 450 kt Operational ceiling FL510 Range 1500 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

DASH 8 400 Engine(s): 2 Pratt & Whitney 4573 hp (each) Propeller(s): 6 blades Performance: Max. speed 320 kt Operational ceiling FL250 Range 1400 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

SAAB 2000 Engine(s): 2 Allison TURBOPROPS 4152 hp (each) Propeller(s): 6 blades Performance: Max. speed 368 kt Operational ceiling FL310 Range 1200 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Examples
EUROCONTROL

C130 Hercules Engine(s): 4 Allison TURBOPROPS 3362 hp (each) Propeller(s): 4 blades constant speed Performance: Max. speed 308 kt Operational ceiling FL300 Range 1350 NM

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Jet & Turboprop engines

Lesson structure
EUROCONTROL

Jet engines Different types of jet engines Turboprop engines Examples

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The End

EUROCONTROL

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Change Record
Edition Date Reason for change Slides affected

EUROCONTROL

1.0 1.1

17. 09. 2004 01.03. 2006

Released issue

All

CR0623: Change of master slide format All

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