Dr.

Dana Aljomah ENT department , KFMC Saudi Arabia

The CBC is used as a broad screening test to check for such disorders as anemia, infection, and many other diseases. The CBC is a very common test that used to be ordered on every person during his or her yearly physical. While it is not run quite as frequently now, it is still used routinely to screen for, help diagnose, and to monitor a variety of conditions. Many patients will have baseline CBC tests to help determine their general health status. If they are healthy and they have cell populations that are within normal limits, then they may not require another CBC until their health status changes or until their doctor feels that it is necessary

- RBC. - WBC. - MCV. - Platelet.

Another way to measure the amount of RBCs is the hematocrit.. Because RBCs are by far the most abundant of the blood cells, a normal hematocrit range is just like that of the total blood cells: 38% to 48. Red blood cells contain the protein hemoglobin (Hb), which gives them the ability to carry oxygen. Each red blood cell contains approximately 300 million hemoglobin molecules,

Name Red blood cell

Normal range

Increase Diarrhea , burn Dehydration (too many made with fluid loss)

Decrease Anemia

Hemoglobin

Men 12-16 g\dl women 13.5-17.5 g\dl

Mirrors RBC results

Hematocrit Reticulocyte 35,000-85,000 ml

Mirrors RBC results After blood loss Anemic after starting iron therapy B12, folate deficiency Bone marrow failure ??

MCV

82-98fl

Iron deficiency thalasemia

The more formal name for platelets is thrombocytes Platelets are necessary for hemostasis, which means prevention of blood loss. may last for 5 to 9 days, if not utilized before that .

Name

Normal range

Increase

Decrease

platelet

150,000 400,000 ml

-Primary thrombocythemia, -Bleeding, removal of the spleen, infections, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers, premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), iron deficiency, and sarcoidosis can cause secondary thrombocythemia

-Bleeding, -inherited disorders (such as WiskottAldrich, BernardSoulier), with SLE, pernicious anemia, hypersplenism, leukemia, and chemotherapy

-WBCs are disease fighters Some make antibodies and some fight invaders directly -Divided into categories depending on function and what they look like.

-Lymphocytes: B and T cells. Agranulocytes -Granulocytes: polymorphonucleocoytes mostly neutrophils (55-80%), also basophils and eosonophils -Monocytes: mature into macrophages (big eaters)

White cell

Normal value (x 109 /L) 2.5 7.5

Increased

Decreased

Neutrophil

Bacterial infections. Uremia, inflammation, malignancy, steroids, acute heamorrhge, myeloproliferativ e disorders

Bone marrow failure, hypersplenism, infections, drugs (phenytoin, tolbutamide), CTD (SLE, RA)

Lymphocytes

1.5 3.5

Infections ( viral, TB, brucellosis), CLL, ALL, non Hodgkins lymphoma, thyrotoxicosis

Bone marrow failure, HIV, drugs (cytotoxics)

White cell

Normal value (x 109 /L) 0.2 0.8

Increased

Decreased

Monocytes

Infections (TB, brucellosis), inflammation (UC, Crohns dis), CTD, AML, malignancy Allergy (urticaria, drugs), parasite infection, skin dis (psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis), PAN, Hodgkins dis, pulmonary eosinophilia, eosinophilic leukemia

Bone marrow failure

Eosinophils

0.04 0.44

Bone marrow failure

White cell

Normal value (x 109 /L) 0.01 0.1

Increased

Decreased

Basophils

Infection (varicella), hypothyrodism, myeloproliferativ e disorders

Bone marrow failure