Drain Pain Removes moisture condense d from air stream

Cooling coil Heat transfer from air to refrigeran t Extended surface coil

Condenser
Expansion valve Controls

Compressor

Heating coil Heat transfer from refrigeran t to air Heat pump Furnace Boiler Electric resistance

Controls

Blower Overcome pressure drop of system

Adds heat to air stream Makes noise Performs differently at different conditions (air flow and pressure drop)

Duct system (piping for hydronic systems) Distribute condition ed air Remove air from space Provides ventilation Makes noise Affects comfort Affects indoor air quality

Dampers Chang e airflo w amoun ts Controls outside air fraction Affects building security

Filter Removes pollutants Protects equipmen t

Imposes substantial pressure drop Requires Maintenance

Controls Makes everythin g work Temperature Pressure (drop) Air velocity Volumetric flow Relative humidity Enthalpy Electrical Current Electrical cost Fault detection

Diffusers Distribute condition ed air within room

Provides ventilation Makes noise Affects comfort Affects indoor air quality

Unitary AC Systems

Central AC Systems

Central AC Systems

Central AC Systems

Central Equipment - AHU

Air-handling Unit (AHU): Components: fan, heating coil, cooling coil, filter, humidifier, and controlling dampers.

AHU Components

Filter

Fan

Cooling coil

Vapor-Compression Chiller

Vapor-Compression Chiller

Vapor-Compression Chiller

Absorption Chiller

Absorption Chiller

Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower
Discharged moist air

Fan Warm water

Atmospheric Air Return water Make-up water

Distribution System

Some definitions: Thermostat--a control device that senses the space temperature and sends a correcting signal if that temperature is not within some desired range; Humidistat Zone--a conditioned space under the control of a single thermostat.

Classification of Central Systems

All-water system:
Only water distributed to separate zones;

All-air system:
Only air distributed to separate zones

All-water AC systems -Heating

All-water AC systems -Cooling

All-water AC systems
-Fan Coil Unit

All-water AC systems -Heating and cooling

All-Air AC systems -Heating and cooling

All-Air AC systems -Heating and cooling

All-Air Systems
Features:
The major plant is centrally located in unoccupied areas, hence convenient for selection suitable equipment, operating and maintenance, noise control. No chilled water and condense drain piping, electrical wiring and filters are located inside the conditioned space. Disadvantage: requires additional duct clearance.

Classifications:
Single-zone system; Single-zone system with reheat; Variable-volume system (VAV); Dual-duct system; Multizone system.

All-Air Systems
-Single-zone System
The all-air single-zone air-conditioning system is the basic central system which can supply a constant air volume or a variable air volume at low, medium or high pressure. Normally, the equipment is located outside the conditioned space can also be installed within the conditioned area if conditions permit. The single zone system is controlled at the central plant.

All-Air Systems
-Single-zone System with Reheat

Features of Reheat Systems: Closely controls space conditions; Provide flexibility for both temperature and humidity control; Expensive to operate.

All-Air Systems
-Variable Air Volume System (VAV)

Features of VAV: Low initial and operating cost; Easy and inexpensive to subdivide into new zones; No zoning required in central equipment; Disadvantage: Affect air motion of conditioned space; Produce noise

All-Air Systems
- Dual-duct System

Features of Dual-Duct System:

Zoning of central equipment is not required. Instant temperature response is achieved because of simulation availability of cold and warm air at each terminal unit. No seasonal changeover is necessary. Disadvantages: higher initial cost and operating cost.

All-Air Systems
-Multizone System

Air-Water Systems

Air-Water Systems (FCU)

HKUST AC System