Linear Motion

Let’s get down

and derty

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Carl Lewis has run 100 m in 9.92
s. At this speed Carl covers 10.1 m
per second. But because he starts
from rest and accelerates up to
speed, his top speed is more than
this – about 10% over his average
speed.

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Downhill skiers attain speeds of
70 to 80 mph on winding runs
inclined about 10-15 degrees. A
speed of 70 mph is 102.7 ft/s,
which means a skier covers 10.3
ft in 0.1 s.

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 Michael Jordan’s hang time at
the peak of his basketball career
was less than 0.9 s. Height
jumped is less than 4 feet.

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 Baseball pitchers such as Roger Clemens and
Nolan Ryan can throw a baseball nearly 100 mph.
Since the pitcher’s mound is 60.5 ft from home
plate, the ball takes less than ½ second to get to
the batter. Due to the pitcher’s reach, actual
distance is about 55 ft. Because of air drag, a 95
mph ball slows to about 87 mpg, giving a travel
time of 0.41 s. On average it takes 0.2 s for a
batter to get his bat from its cocked position up to
speed in the hitting zone, so he must react to the
pitcher’s motion in a quarter-second or less,
beginning his swing when the ball is only a little
more than half the distance to the plate.
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 What means of motion has done
more to shape the way cities are
built than any other?

The Elevator.

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 A special relationship.
“Dert”

Distance = rate x time

This only applies when there is

not acceleration

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 If you ride a bike a distance of
5m in 1s, what is your speed?
For 10 m in 2 s? For 100 m in
20 s?

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 How does instantaneous speed
compare to average speed?
Average speed is obtained from
calculating the speed with dert over a
time interval.
Instantaneous speed is the speed at
that instant. For example on an
speedometer.

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 Distance vs. Displacement
 Race Track measurements
 Distance = A measurement of the space
covered during a time interval.
 Displacement = a measurement of the
space between the starting point and the
finishing point after a particle has moved
during a time interval.

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 Velocity

 Blind man’s bluff

 Speed
 Direction
For example; 12 mph North

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If an airplane travels 500 km due
north in 1 hr, what is its velocity?
250 km due north in ½ hr? 125
km north in ¼ hr?

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 Acceleration

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 Motion with Acceleration
 v = at velocity with acceleration
 d = ½ at2

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 Reflect
 Think of the relationships between
position, velocity and acceleration you
explored in the Walking Lab.

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What is the acceleration of a car
that goes from 0 to 100 km/hr in
10 s?
What is the acceleration of a
mechanical part that moves from
0 to 10 m/s in a time of 1s?

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 Find the number of kilometers in a
light year. Light travels 300,000
km/s.
300,000 km x 3600 s x 24 hr x 365 day =
1s 1 hr 1 day 1 yr

9460800000000 km

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 Why is it an object can accelerate
at a constant speed but not at a
constant velocity?

During constant speed the direction can be

changing which causes an acceleration.
During constant velocity neither the direction
or speed change. So the acceleration is
zero.

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Which has more acceleration when
moving in a straight line – a car
increasing its speed from 50 to 60
km/hr, or a bicycle that goes from 0
to 10 km/hr in the same time?
They both have the same acceleration. The
same change in velocity during the same
time interval.

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 Air Resistance

Do objects fall at the same rate?

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 Acceleration due to gravity
10 m/s/s
Second Instantaneous Speed
0 0
1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40

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 Displacement fallen in free fall.

d = ½ gt2 or d = 5t2

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How far will a freely falling object
that is released from rest, fall in
2 seconds?
In 10 seconds?
In ½ second?

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 It’s all relative

All motion is relative to a fixed reference

point. Sometimes this reference is called a
frame of reference.

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 Consider a rifle fired straight
downward from a high altitude
balloon. If the muzzle velocity is
100 m/s and air resistance can
be neglected, what is the
acceleration of the bullet after
one second?

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 Consider a rifle fired straight
downward from a high altitude
balloon. If the muzzle velocity is
100 m/s and air resistance can
be neglected, what is the
velocity of the bullet after one
second?

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 Summary
 d = vt
 v = at or v = gt for free fall
 d = ½ gt2 for free fall.
 Distance
 Displacement
 Speed is the rate that position changes.
 Velocity is speed with direction.
 Acceleration is the rate at which velocity
changes.

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