Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Communications
architecture to interconnect a variety of devices using a simple four wire cable. Speed either 1.5 or 12 megabits per second (mbs). USB protocols can configure devices - broken into various device classes-defined by common behavior and protocols that serve similar functions.
Birth of USB
Defined
by Intel and other industry leaders in early 1990s Ease of use was the primary goal Four-wire interface Point-to-point, host-target architecture Bus expansion Replace connectors
USB SPECIFICATIONS
USB
1.0 specification introduced in 1994 USB 2.0 specification finalized in 2001 Became popular due to cost/benefit advantage
Three
generations of USB
Typical Performance
USB Connectors
USB CONNECTORS
USB Cables
Four
wires (+5V,Return, data twisted pair) Up to 5 m (16.4 ft) Longer connections use hubs or active extensions Active extension incorporates a bus powered hub
from bus - rest from an external source - easier to design--1 unit bus powered load allows the detection and enumeration of devices
USB Protocols
made
up of several layers of protocols USB transaction consists of a Token Packet Data Packet Status Packet
Sync: packets starts with a sync field - 8 bits longsynchronisation-last two bits indicate where the PID fields starts. PID: Packet ID-identify the type of packet that is being sent ADDR: specifies which device the packet is designated for-7 bits in long-127 devices Address 0 is not valid
ENDP : 4 bits, allowing 16 possible endpoints-Low speed devices-2 endpoint additional addresses
CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Checks token packets have a 5 bit CRC data packets have a 16 bit CRC. EOP : End of packet. Signalled by a Single Ended Zero (SE0) for approximately 2 bit times followed by a J for1 bit time
Packet formats
Token
Packet ID
USB Uses
Human Interface Devices Keyboards, mice, joysticks, game controllers Low-speed, interrupt data transfer Mass Storage Devices External hard drives, DVD/CD-RW, floppy, zip, Flash card readers, USB Flash drives
Digital Cameras, Portable Media Players -Similar to mass storage-speed is important - also use high speed, bulk data transfers Printers -Also uses high-speed PC Cameras or Webcams -High-speed, isochronous transfers
THANK YOU