Universal Serial Bus

INTRODUCTION
Communications

architecture to interconnect a variety of devices using a simple four wire cable. Speed either 1.5 or 12 megabits per second (mbs). USB protocols can configure devices - broken into various device classes-defined by common behavior and protocols that serve similar functions.

USB DEVICE CLASSES

DEVICE CLASS Display Communication Audio Mass storage Human interface EXAMPLE DEVICE Monitor Modem Speakers Hard drive Data glove

Birth of USB
Defined

by Intel and other industry leaders in early 1990s Ease of use was the primary goal Four-wire interface Point-to-point, host-target architecture Bus expansion Replace connectors

USB SPECIFICATIONS
USB

1.0 specification introduced in 1994 USB 2.0 specification finalized in 2001 Became popular due to cost/benefit advantage

Eg. IEEE 1394 high bandwidth, high cost

Three

generations of USB

USB 1.0 USB 2.0 USB 3.0 and WUSB

Typical Performance

USB Connectors

USB CONNECTORS

USB Cables
Four

wires (+5V,Return, data twisted pair) Up to 5 m (16.4 ft) Longer connections use hubs or active extensions Active extension incorporates a bus powered hub

Classes of USB functions

Low-power

bus powered functions: VBUS ,less

than one unit load(100mA)- min VBUS= 4.40V maximum VBUS=5.25V

High-power bus Self-powered

powered functions: once

configured can draw 5 unit loads (500mA Max)

functions: draw up to 1 unit load

from bus - rest from an external source - easier to design--1 unit bus powered load allows the detection and enumeration of devices

USB Protocols
made

up of several layers of protocols USB transaction consists of a Token Packet Data Packet Status Packet

Common USB Packet Fields

Sync: packets starts with a sync field - 8 bits longsynchronisation-last two bits indicate where the PID fields starts. PID: Packet ID-identify the type of packet that is being sent ADDR: specifies which device the packet is designated for-7 bits in long-127 devices Address 0 is not valid

ENDP : 4 bits, allowing 16 possible endpoints-Low speed devices-2 endpoint additional addresses

CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Checks token packets have a 5 bit CRC data packets have a 16 bit CRC. EOP : End of packet. Signalled by a Single Ended Zero (SE0) for approximately 2 bit times followed by a J for1 bit time

Packet formats
Token

packets Data packets Handshake packets Start of frame packets

Packet ID

USB Uses

Human Interface Devices Keyboards, mice, joysticks, game controllers Low-speed, interrupt data transfer Mass Storage Devices External hard drives, DVD/CD-RW, floppy, zip, Flash card readers, USB Flash drives

Digital Cameras, Portable Media Players -Similar to mass storage-speed is important - also use high speed, bulk data transfers Printers -Also uses high-speed PC Cameras or Webcams -High-speed, isochronous transfers

THANK YOU