Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By NAVEENKUMAR R
1ST M.Tech
N.I.T.K Surathkal
CONTENTS
Introduction Components Types of Stepper Motors >Variable Reluctance >Permanent Magnet >Hybrid Applications
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor shafts rotation. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.
There are three basic stepper motor types. They are: Variable-reluctance Permanent-magnet Hybrid
Movement Generation
N S N S N N S S N N S N S
S N
NS
rotor follows the stator field one step invert magnetic field in 1 coil
for the next step invert magnetic field in the other coil
A stepper motor always needs electronic control. step angle depends on number of poles -> fixed by construction
Step angle angle through which motor shaft rotates for each command pulse
= 360 / (m*Nr)
rpm
Rotor is made of permanent magnetic Material No teeth on rotor No freewheeling more torque during rotation Less acceleration Difficult to make small step pm rotors with a large number of poles.
Working of pm motor
A hybrid stepping motor has characteristics of both PM and VR motors the rotor is a permanent magnet but has blades like VR motors Rotor is magnetised axially to create the poles motor has very high torque and very small, precise step increments
Step Mode
Full Step Mode
N S N S N S S N N S N S
I1 / I1max
1 0
S N
-1
NS
I2 / I2max
1 0
-1
Step Mode
Half Step Mode
N S N N N S S S N S N S NS SN S S S N
I1 / I1max
1 0
N N
S N
N S
I2 / I2max
-1
1 0
-1
Characteristics
Output Power
power torque
with
2 f z
M...torque
...angular velocity
f...step frequency z...steps per revolution
frequency
Advantages
They produce the highest torque at low speeds It is possible to achieve very low speed synchronous rotation with a load that is directly coupled to the shaft. The motors response to digital input pulses provides open-loop control, making the motor simpler and less costly to control. holding torque (not present in DC motors) Rotor has no winding, commutator or brushes quite, robust and reliable operation
Applications
Precise positioning and speed control Open loop position control Torque : 1Nm to 40 Nm Power : 1w to 2500w
Applications
Applications cont
Applications cont
THANK YOU