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Applications
As a permanent filling material in:
class 1 and 2 cavities class 5 cavities where esthetics are not concerned for making dies In retrograde fillings As a core material
Classification
Copper content; high copper or low copper
Zinc content ; zinc containing or zinc free alloys Shape of the alloy ; spherical, lathe cut
Tin (Sn)
Decreases resistance to tarnish and corrosion decreased strength increases setting time
Copper (Cu) - increases hardness and strength - increases setting expansion Mercury (Hg) - activates the reaction zinc (zn) - acts as deoxidizer - causes delayed expansion ( conditioned )
Low copper
High copper
In high copper gamma 2 phase is eliminated Gamma phase is the stronger phase of amalgam Gamma two phase is the weakest nd least stable to corrosion process.
Material-Related Variables
Dimensional change
Strength Corrosion
Creep
Dimensional Change
Most high-copper amalgams undergo a net
post-operative sensitivity
Strength
Develops slowly 1 hr: 40 to 60% of maximum 24 hrs: 90% of maximum Higher compressive vs. tensile strength Weak in thin sections unsupported edges fracture
creep
Slow deformation of amalgam placed under a constant
load
Amalgam Properties
Am Amalgam type algam Type Low Copper1 Admixture2 Compressive Str Compressive strength (MPa) ength (MPa) 1 1 hr 7 days hr 145 137 343 431
7 days
% creep % Creep
2.0 0.4
Single Composition3
262
510
0.13
64
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