Chandni setia

Amalgamalloy containing mercury as a major terminology Amalgam: an

ingredie Dental amalgam: an alloy mercury with Ag-Sn Dental amalgam alloy: a Ag-Sn alloy (to be mixed with mercury )

Applications
As a permanent filling material in:

class 1 and 2 cavities class 5 cavities where esthetics are not concerned for making dies In retrograde fillings As a core material

Classification
Copper content; high copper or low copper
Zinc content ; zinc containing or zinc free alloys Shape of the alloy ; spherical, lathe cut

No of alloyed metals ; binary , tertiary , quaternary

Size of alloy ; microcut , macrocut

Composition Low copper; silver -63-70%

tin -26-29% copper - 2-5 % zinc - 0- 2 % High copper; are of two type 1 Admixed 2 Single composition Ag 69 % Ag 40 60 % Sn 17 % Sn 22 30 % cu - 13 % cu 13 30 % Zn 1 % zn 0 -4 % indium or palladium in small amounts

Function of each component

Silver (Ag)
increases strength increases expansion Decreases creep

Tin (Sn)
Decreases resistance to tarnish and corrosion decreased strength increases setting time

Copper (Cu) - increases hardness and strength - increases setting expansion Mercury (Hg) - activates the reaction zinc (zn) - acts as deoxidizer - causes delayed expansion ( conditioned )

 Low copper

Basic Setting reactions

Ag3Sn + Hg Ag3Sn + Ag2Hg3 + Sn8Hg

High copper

Ag3Sn + Ag-Cu + Hg Ag3Sn + Ag-Cu + Ag2Hg3 + Cu6Sn5

In high copper gamma 2 phase is eliminated Gamma phase is the stronger phase of amalgam Gamma two phase is the weakest nd least stable to corrosion process.

Material-Related Variables
Dimensional change
Strength Corrosion

Creep

Dimensional Change
Most high-copper amalgams undergo a net

contraction Contraction leaves marginal gap

initial leakage

post-operative sensitivity

reduced with corrosion over time

Net contraction condensation technique

greater condensation = higher contraction

trituration time overtrituration causes higher contraction

Strength
Develops slowly 1 hr: 40 to 60% of maximum 24 hrs: 90% of maximum Higher compressive vs. tensile strength Weak in thin sections unsupported edges fracture

creep
Slow deformation of amalgam placed under a constant

load

load less than that necessary to produce fracture

Gamma 2 dramatically affects creep rate

Amalgam Properties
Am Amalgam type algam Type Low Copper1 Admixture2 Compressive Str Compressive strength (MPa) ength (MPa) 1 1 hr 7 days hr 145 137 343 431
7 days

% creep % Creep

Tensile strength ( 24 hrs ) (MPa) Tensile Strength (24 hrs) (MPa) 60 48

2.0 0.4

Single Composition3

262

510

0.13

64

Thank you