Pollution

 it is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.* Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.

Air pollution

AIR POLLUTION
The introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.*

FOSSIL FUEL
Collective term for coal, petroleum oil, kerosene, gasoline and natural gas which can be burned to produce energy.

Countries with most polluted air Mexico City Seoul (with greater concentration of sulfates and nitrates) New Delhi China Countries with relatively cleaner air Singapore Japan Malaysia

SMOG - Urban signboard of pollution. - Combination of smoke and fog that describes the unslightly pall of brownish to black laze that hangs in the horizon in polluted cities.  Photochemical smog
- Technical term for smog result from chemical reaction in the presence of sunlight. - Composed of tropospheric ozone, nitric acid formaldehyde and peroxyacy nitrate.

Negative effects of smog Eye Irritation Serious respiratory problems (ex. Asthma, bronchitis and etc.) Memory lost Major air pollutants They produce acid rain (HNO3 and H2SO4) and tropospheric ozone. Two groups of air pollutants 1. Oxides of nitrogen (accounts for the brownish color of smog) Ex. - Nitrogen dioxide ( NO2) (cardiovascular diseases and acute stroke) - Nitrous oxides (N2O) - Nitric oxide (NO)

2. Oxide of sulfur (emitted by furnaces and boiler power plants) Ex. -sulfur dioxide (SO2) (aggravate respiratory problems and cause acute stroke) - Sulfur trioxide (SO3)

OZONE* Causes irritation in the eyes and respiratory system

GREENHOUSE GASSES Contributes to the atmospheric pollution and may bring about adverse effects to the human health. SUSPENDED PARTICLES Air pollutants floating in the form of solid particles and liquid droplets.

ACID RAIN  Burning of fossil fuel releases sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury and cadium in the atmosphere.*  When mixed with water vapor in atmosphere turn to sulfuric acid and nitric acid becomes the acid rain.

Terrestrial Pollution

Is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors. *

 Fertilizer
Food supplements to crops, making them grow faster and giving more harvest than what is naturally possible.
The introduction of fertilizers into crop lands further causes pollution. Some fertilizers causes poisoning or similar sub lethal effects on the farmer. Most of the fertilizers get into the soil and contaminate the waterways n the area. Fertilizers leach into pond , lake, groundwater or streams that eventually carry them to the sea.

Pesticides The word pesticides covers the 50,000 or so chemical operations that are design to kill or eliminate a pest.

Terms
Insecticides
 Kill insect pest that feed on the crops and make cause deceases that are transmittable to humans and animals.

Fungicides
Kill fungi that parasitize crops causing crop deceases, and eventually death.

Terms
Rodenticides
 Kill rats and mice.

Herbecides or weedicides
Kill weeds.

mollucicides
 Kill snail and graze on rise and other crops, as well as compete with fish and fishponds.

Piscicides
 Kill fish species hat are considered pests in fishponds where prepared species are being cultured.

Soil Salinization
water is absorbed while some evaporate, leaving the salt accumulate in the soil.

Desertification
is a global threat particularly to grassland and forests that are being converted to cropland.

Freshwater Pollution

Marine Pollution

 Siltation
Also called heavy sedimentation Result from natural landslide, over logging and irresponsible construction that clog and suffocate small eight- armed individual coral animals called polyps, that filter food from water.

Like arsenic metals, mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc get into the sea from different resources.  erosion and vulcanization Some are useful nutrients and the other are unuseful.

 Used in the production of plastics, chlorine, and caustic soda, lumber and paper pulp, in pesticides, antifouling paints, and pharmaceuticals.

Is a by product of zinc smelting, used in the production of plastics, pigments, batteries, and electroplating.

Contains a lot of copper from antifouling paint, electrical equipment and wood preservation.

Inputs into the atmosphere comes from leaded gasoline, paints, batteries, sheets and pipes and fall back to earth in rain and snow which eventually flow to the sea.