IC3 (Internet and Computing Core Certification)

Unit one Computing Fundamentals

Computer Types
1. Super Computer : Fastest Type, expensive 2. Main Frame : Large Systems that handle hundreds of different applications, used in government organizations (Large geographical area), airline reservation 3. Minicomputer : Slower than the above, serves several people simultaneously (medium companies), medical 4. Microcomputer : Small (sit on desk), small business, schools like PC, Laptop, Notebook, Apple Macintosh

MHZ

(microprocessor ,processor) . GHZ

RAM ,ROM = KB or MB or GB (H.D\CD\flopy) . 800 * 600 dots per inch DPI 24X ,52x X ( * )

CD-ROM , DVD-RW

Computer Parts
All types of computers are consisted of two main parts : 1. Hardware Part (Physical Parts, Visual Parts) , like Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Case, Printer, Speaker, etc 2. Software Part (Non-Physical Parts, Non-Visual Parts) , like Operating System, Applications, Files, .. etc

Case

Case

Storage Units
C: D: A: E: Hard Disk (main storage unit, fastest, highest capacity) Compact Disk (CD-ROM) Floppy Disk (lowest capacity) Flash Disk Tapes RAM (Temporary).

Input Units
Q Keyboard Mouse Scanner Digital Pen Digital Camera Fingerprint Reader Microphone

Output Units
Monitor Printer Speaker Plotter
Non-Shared Hard Disks Shared Hard Disk

Floppy

CD-ROM Flash

Devices inside the System Unit

1. Mother Board : the largest electronic circuit board in the PC, It consists of : Central Processing Unit (CPU) : calculations, MHz Random Access Memory (RAM) : temporarily storing data, Byte Read Only Memory (ROM) : starting (booting) the PC, checking elements and loading Operating System, Byte Processor (Brain, Manager) : managing all elements of PC 2. Power Supply : providing the computer with electricity. 3. Hard Disk : storing Operating Systems and Applications, Byte 4. Floppy Disk Drive : reading and storing on floppy disk, Byte 5. CD ROM Disk Drive : reading data from CD, Byte

Capacity (Storage) Units

Byte = 8 bits (one character) 1 KB = 1024 Byte 1 MB = 1024 KB 1 GB = 1024 MB Notes: RAM has the most influence on the speed and performance of the computer when running several applications at the same time. Processor speed determines the speed of calculation performed by the PC

What is a Network ?
A Network is a system that allows two or more computers to communicate and share resources with each other.

Types of Networks
1. LAN : A Network connecting small to medium number of computers together in a confined area is call a Local Area Network. 2. MAN : A Network connecting computers in a metropolitan area is called a Metropolitan Area Network. 3. WAN : A Network connecting computers over long distances (i.e. between branches or offices in different states) is call a Wide Area Network.
Two popular concepts : Internet : A World-Wide super network of computer networks that links computers around the world. Intranet : A Network that follows the Internet rules that is used primary within an organization

Network Requirements
Each computer requires a Network Interface Card (NIC) and wires (or wireless) to link it with other computers in the network

Benefits of Networks
1. Sharing Resources (both Software and Hardware) 2. Transferring large files without the requirement for using a physical media between computers. 3. Reducing the Cost of implementation and upgrading. 4. Providing high level of control and management.

Software -

Software Types
1.Operating Systems : managing devices, applications 2.Applications
Word Processing : MS Word , Word Perfect , NotePad Spread Sheets : MS Excel , Lotus Presentation : MS Power Point , Corel Presentation Data Bases : MS Access , Paradox Graphics : Corel Draw , Photoshop Multimedia : Flash , Shockwave Electronic Mail : Out Look , Eudora Web Browsers : MS Internet Explorer , Netscape , Opera Publishing : Desk Top Publishing Utility Tools : Anti Virus , Disk Compression , Disk Cleanup , File Compression , Disk Defragment

Operating Systems
They manage HW and Applications 1. Text Mode : DOS (Mini and Micro) UNIX (Mainframe, Mini and Micro) 2. Graphic Mode : Windows (Mini and Micro) Linux (Mini and Micro) Apple Macintosh (Mini and Micro) NOTE : PC can include more than one Operating System.

/1 . . .

/2 . . .

/3 . . .

/4 . . . /5 ______ _____ ________ ( ) . . . /6 . . . .

/7 MHz . dPi. Pixel . GB .

/8 TXT --------------- Text . JPG _____ Graphic. WAV ________ Sound. MOV --------------- Video . ( ) /9 . . . .

/22 . . /28 .. Dos . . /35 wav jpg txt mov Zip,rar mpg .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \ *

thief copyright violation trademark speech synthesis back up employees restrict concern concerns majority certain society surges outages ergonomic strain alert reliable posting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \ \ \ \ \

\ \

authorized valid privacy commerce authentic criminal activity unethical behavior libel plagiarism legal \ illegal fraudulent subscription breaches

\ \ \

inadequate responsible audit precaution privilege conflict