Ternary Compounds

Ternary Compounds
Ternary compounds are those containing three different elements. (NaNO3, NH4Cl, etc.). The naming of ternary compounds involves the memorization of several positive and negative polyatomic ions, (two or more atoms per ion), and adding these names to the element with which they combine. i.e., Sodium ion, Na1+ added to the nitrate ion, NO31-, to give the compound, NaNO3, sodium nitrate. Binary rules for indicating the oxidation number of metals and for indicating the numbers of atoms present are followed. The polyatomic ions that should be learned are listed in a separate handout.

Phosphate
(PO43PO )31P 4O 3- = 35+ 5+ @ 2- = 8113@

Fluorine and oxygen are highly electronegative and will attract electrons very strongly. Generally, phosphorus will be 3- oxidation state: however, when combining with oxygen, phosphorus will lose five electrons and take on a 5+ oxidation charge.

Polyatomic Ions - Memorize

Eight -ATEs
PO43SO4

phosphate phosphATE sulfATE sulfate carbonATE carbonate chlorATE chlorate nitrATE nitrate NH41+ OH1CN1-

2-

Exceptions:
ammonium

CO32ClO3 NO3

..

1- ..

hydroxide cyanide

..

1- ...

Pattern to Memorizing Nomenclature XY

-ide

XYO4
per___-ate 1 more oxygen

XYO3
-ate normal

XYO2 XYO
-ite 1 less oxygen hypo___-ite 2 less oxygen

Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge.

BrO41-

Perbromate ion

Bromate ion

BrO31CO32-

Bromite ion

BrO21CO22ClO21IO21NO21PO33SO32-

BrO1Hypobromite ion

CO42ClO41IO41NO41PO53SO521 more oxygen

CO2ClO1IO1NO1PO23SO222 less oxygen

Carbonate ion

Chlorate ion

ClO31Iodate ion

IO31-

NO31Nitrate ion Phosphate ion

PO43-

Sulfate ion

SO42normal

1 less oxygen

Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge.

BrO41-

Perbromate ion

Bromate ion

BrO31CO32-

Bromite ion

BrO21CO22ClO21IO21NO21PO33SO32-

BrO1Hypobromite ion

CO42ClO41IO41NO41PO53SO521 more oxygen

CO2ClO1IO1NO1PO23SO222 less oxygen

Carbonate ion

Chlorate ion

ClO31Iodate ion

IO31-

NO31Nitrate ion Phosphate ion

PO43-

Sulfate ion

SO42normal

1 less oxygen

Ternary Compounds
NaNO2 KClO3 Ca3(PO4)2 Fe(OH)3 NaHCO3 sodium nitrite potassium chlorate calcium phosphate iron (III) hydroxide sodium bicarbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate

Calcium hydroxide ide Ca2+

vs.

OH1Ca - O

H H

CaOH2 Ca(OH)2

HO - Ca - OH

Common Polyatomic Ions

Names of Common Polyatomic Ions
Ion NH4 1+ NO2 1NO3 1SO3 2SO4 2HSO4 1OH 1CN 1PO4 3HPO4 2H2PO4 1Name ammonium nitrite nitrate sulfite sulfate hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate is a widely used common name) hydroxide cyanide phosphate hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate Ion CO3 2HCO3 1ClO 1ClO2 1ClO3 1ClO4 1C2H3O2 2MnO4 1Cr2O7 2CrO4 2O2 2Name carbonate hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate is a widely used common name) hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate acetate permanganate dichromate chromate peroxide
Print Version

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 100

Ternary Compounds
Ca3(PO4) 2 1. ________________ (NH4)2CO3 2. ________________ Al2(SO4)3 3. ________________ 4. 5. 6. Na2SO4 LiCN Ba(ClO3)2 calcium phosphate ammonium carbonate aluminum sulfate sodium sulfate ____________________ lithium cyanide ____________________ barium chlorate ____________________ copper (II) hydroxide

Cu(OH)2 7. ________________

Magnesium Phosphate
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Magnesium Phosphate

Mg2+ Mg 3

PO43(PO4) 2

Mg3(PO4)2

Ir F3 2O7)3 2(Cr (OH)2 Ca S (CrO Ti S2 4)2 (CH Pt Cl2 3COO)2 Br2 Ba(BrO3)2 SO Sr 3P2 4 CN KF (NO Zn I2 2)2 (ClO Mn Cl4 3)4 PO Au 2O34 Na NO3 3P

iridium (III) fluoride dichromate calcium sulfide hydroxide titanium (IV) sulfide chromate platinum (II) chloride acetate barium bromide bromate strontium phosphide sulfate potassium fluoride cyanide zinc iodide nitrite gold (III) oxide phosphate sodium phosphide nitrate

variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+

manganese (IV) chloride variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+ chlorate variable Au1+,3+ fixed Na1+

Ir F3 Ca S Ti S2 Pt Cl2 BaBr2 Sr 3P2 KF Zn I2 Mn Cl4 Au 2O3 Na 3P

iridium (III) fluoride calcium sulfide titanium (IV) sulfide platinum (II) chloride barium bromide strontium phosphide potassium fluoride zinc iodide gold (III) oxide sodium phosphide

variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+

manganese (IV) chloride variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+ variable Au1+,3+ fixed Na1+

Ir 2(Cr2O7)3 Ca (OH)2 Ti (CrO4)2 Pt (CH3COO)2 Ba(BrO3)2 Sr 3SO4 KCN Zn (NO2)2 Mn (ClO3)4 Au PO4 Na NO3

iridium (III) dichromate calcium hydroxide titanium (IV) chromate platinum (II) acetate barium bromate strontium sulfate potassium cyanide zinc nitrite gold (III) phosphate sodium nitrate

variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+

manganese (IV) chlorate variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+ variable Au1+,3+ fixed Na1+

Two nonmetals
carbonNdichloride sulfurtetrabromide NCl3 2O5 Greek prefixes

Multiple-charge cation
niobiumMn2S 3)4 Pt(IO (V) perchlorate vanadium (II) 5chromate Roman numeral for name only Polyatomic ions OK

Everything else
rubidium oxide barium sulfate NH4KI 3 ClO Roman numeral Polyatomic ions OK

Charge

CrissCross Rule

Where would you file this? VCrO4 BaO CBr4 dinitrogen pentoxide platinum (IV) iodate ammonium chlorate potassium iodide nitrogen trichloride manganese (V) sulfide

Roman numeral

Nb(ClO4)5 SCl2 Rb2SO4

Two nonmetals
Greek prefixes

Multiple-charge cation
Roman numeral for name only Polyatomic ions OK

Everything else
Roman numeral Polyatomic ions

Charge

CrissCross Rule

Where would you file this? VCrO4 BaO CBr4 dinitrogen pentoxide platinum (IV) iodate ammonium chlorate potassium iodide nitrogen trichloride manganese (V) sulfide

Roman numeral

Nb(ClO4)5 SCl2 Rb2SO4

Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-

When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3 6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)

Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-

When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3

6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5

8) molybdenum (VI) nitride

Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)

POP QUIZ

Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-

Answer Key
aluminum sulfide

Al2S3 Mg3(PO4)2

magnesium phosphate

When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3 6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4

barium oxide LiBr nickel (III) sulfide P3O7 dinitrogen pentoxide MoN2 21 8

Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+) PbI4

Polyatomic Ions - Quiz

C2O42CrO42Cr2O72MnO41 .. .. .

oxalate chromate dichromate permanganate acetate

CH3COO1-

Exceptions!
Two exceptions to the simple ide ending are the diatomic oxide ions, O22- and O21-. O22- is called peroxide O21- is called superoxide. barium oxide barium peroxide sodium oxide sodium peroxide potassium oxide potassium superoxide BaO __________ BaO2 __________ Na2O __________ Na2O2 __________ K2O __________ KO2 __________ Ba2+ Na1+ Do Not Reduce to lowest terms! K1+ Note the differences.

Ionic Compounds:
Polyatomic Ions
Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions

Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Grid to Memorize Chart of the Ions and Polyatomic Ions

Keys

http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html

Ionic Binary Compounds:

Multiple-Charge Cations
Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations

Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations

Keys

http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html

Naming Chemical Compounds

Binary Compound?

No

Yes

Polyatomic ions present?

Use the strategy summarized earlier

No

Yes

This is a compound for which naming procedures have not yet been considered.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 102

Name the compound using procedures similar to those for naming binary ionic compounds.

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds

Keys

http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html

Names and Formulas of Compounds

Names and Formulas of Compounds

Names and Formulas of Compounds

Keys

http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html