Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In Calamba
typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado
family received tutored by: - Maestro Celestino - Maestro Lucas Padua - Maestro Leon Monroy
In Binan
June 1869: left Calamba for Binan accompanied by Paciano, who acted as second father he did not like the town: "large and rich, ugly and dismal" Justiniano Aquino Cruz: "a tall thin man with a long neck and sharp nose and a body bent slightly forward." Barbarous method of instruction: I do not want to waste time recounting the beatings I received Best student in school: I usually won the class contests; nobody could defeat me; but in spite of the reputation I had of being a good boy, the day was unusual when I was not laid out on a bench and given five or six blows. frequent encounter with bullies, esp. Pedro, teacher's son, and Andres Salandanan He was ever to be under the compulsion of proving his physical strength and courage; insecurity about height
In Binan
painting lessons with old painter Juancho Errands for aunt: "something I never did at
home and would never have done! Leandro, his aunt's grandson Dec 17, 1870: left Binan on board the steamer Talim, his first real steamer voyage by himself
Rizal in Ateneo
Three secondary schools in Manila San Jose Seminary College of San Juan de Letran Ateneo Municipal
- June 10, 1872 - Rizal sent to Manila to take the entrance exam
refused to admit him - he was late for registration - he was sickly and undersized Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of Fr. Burgos Jose enrolled under the surname Rizal
equivalent for HS and college Christian doctrine, Spanish, Latin, Greek and French, world geography and history, history of Spain and the Phils., mathematics and the sciences (arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mineralogy, chemistry, physics, botany, zoology) Classic disciplines of poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy trained character - discipline and religion vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying
some remarks by my professor Sta. Isabel College At the end of the year, he placed second in class Summer (1873): sad because Mother is in prison
Dona Pepay in Intramuros Got the gold medal When back in Laguna, he always rushed to his mother Foresaw his mother's release Psychic abilities? Later in UST: dreamt about taking an exam Very early on, he had this consciousness of death and believed he would not reach the age of 30 Hong Kong (1892): left two sealed letters with a Portuguese friend, to be opened after his death Conscious hero, knew his place in history
landlord was 'very strict' but after two months and a half, a room was vacated and the widow's grandsons seem to have been great distractions he did not make an excellent showing in his studies got only one medal, in Latin I was almost thirteen years old, and I had yet to gain a reputation for brilliance among my classmates.
on which my bedclothes were placed , a small table with a basin which a servant was supposed to keep filled with water, a chair, and a clothes rack. I was forgetting to mention that the small table had a drawer containing soap, comb, hairbrush, toothbrush, toothpowder, etc. I kept the little money I had - about P8 - under my pillow" Methodical, observant, careful and frugal Mentor: Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez inspired him to study harder and write poetry, a "model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils" Got five medals
sobresaliente distinction March 23, 1877: graduated and was conferred the degree of Bachelor of Arts Eve before graduation, he was depressed at the thought of leaving Ateneo. tears paid in token of farewell to the times gone by, to a contentment that would not return, to a tranquility of spirit that was slipping out of my grasp. Prayed in the chapel and commended his life to the Virgin that she might protect me when I set foot in that world which inspired me with such dread.
Extra-curricular Activities
active member, later secretary of religious group,
Marian Congregation member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and Academy of Natural Sciences cultivated literary talent under the guidance of Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez Mi Primera Inspiracion, 1st poem written in Ateneo Did not write any poem in 1874 because his mother was in prison After 1874, he wrote thirteen poems including Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo, in honor of Calamba Wrote on various topics: religion, education, childhood memories and war Wrote a drama, St Eustachius, Martyr
Extra-curricular Activities
Fine arts - he studied painting under the famous
Spanish painter Agustin Saez, and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus (1) carved image of Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket knife, and (2) carved image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Gymnastics and fencing
Interest in Reading
Interest in Reading
Dr. Feodor Jagor's Travels in the Philippines 1. defects of Spanish colonization 2. prophecy, Spain would lose Philippines and
gripping systems of indoctrination, under tight and constant discipline, with every incentive of competition and reward Spirit of classical humanities (arts of human culture) and the method of combined memory and understanding Above all, Jesuit education pursued one aim: for the greater glory of God i.e. to make steadfast Catholics Classes began and ended with prayers School life centered on the chapel Extra-curricular activities: religious confraternities Student journal is loud with invocations to the Deity
Two Traits
Sensitiveness Self assertiveness
= took on a racial tinge Worked on proving not mere equality Race consciousness > literature
That winds its way Up the towering elm, Their enchantment being the meadow green, And both are embellished While together they grow; And if the compassionate elm should fail, The ivy without its joy Would see itself with sadness die; Such is the alliance close Between Religion and Education Because of her Education attains renown; And woe to him who blind rejects The teachings wise of Religion Divine, From its pure stream wickedly flees.
A branch proudly grows, And its bunches sweet offers us, In the meantime that the benevolent plant To the vine shoot generous nourishment gives: Such currents crystalline Of heavenly virtue give new life To Education fulfilled, With her lights refulgent guiding her; For the sweet odor it exhales, And favors us with its savory fruits.
Is like a ship struck by the wind That loses its rudder in horrible fight At the noisy impulse and shaking Of the stormy, terrible Breas Who fiercely combats her Until submerging her with pride In the depth of the angry sea.
Invigorates and nurtures the mead, And due to it, in beautiful spring, The flowers will bloom to embroider the ground; So is Education fertilized By kind Religion with her principles That merrily she may walk toward the good With generous step And giving virtue's luxuriant flowers Their fragrance spread everywhere.
Instills a virtue of enchanting power; She lifts the motherland to highest station And endless dazzling glories on her shower. And as the zephyr's gentle exhalation Revives the matrix of the fragrant flower, So education multiplies her gifts of grace; With prudent hand imparts them to the human race. With all he has; will give his calm repose; For her are born all science and all art, That brows of men with laurel fair enclose. As from the towering mountain's lofty heart The purest current of the streamlet flows, So education without stint or measure gives Security and peace to lands in which she lives.
Youth blossoms forth with vigor and agility; He error subjugates with solid feet, And is exalted by conceptions of nobility. She breaks the neck of vice and its deceit; Black crime turns pale at Her hostility; The barbarous nations She knows how to tame, From savages creates heroic fame. And as the spring doth sustenance bestow On all the plants, on bushes in the mead, Its placid plenty goes to overflow And endlessly with lavish love to feed The banks by which it wanders, gliding slow, Supplying beauteous nature's every need; So he who prudent Education doth procure The towering heights of honor will secure.
Of perfect virtue shall not cease to go. With careful doctrines of his faith made sure, The powers of evil he will overthrow, Like foaming waves that never long endure, But perish on the shore at every blow; And from his good example other men shall learn Their upward steps toward the heavenly paths to turn. Within the breast of wretched humankind She lights the living flame of goodness bright; The hands of fiercest criminal doth bind; And in those breasts will surely pour delight Which seek her mystic benefits to find, Those souls She sets aflame with love of right. It is a noble fully-rounded Education That gives to life its surest consolation.
Above the center of the stormy deep In scorn of storm, or fierce Southwester's power, Or fury of the waves that raging seep, Until, their first mad hatred spent, they cower, And, tired at last, subside and fall asleep, -So he that takes wise Education by the hand, Invincible shall guide the reigns of motherland. On sapphires shall his service be engraved, A thousand honors to him by his land be granted: For in their bosoms will his noble sons have saved Luxuriant flowers his virtue had transplanted: And by the love of goodness ever laved, The lords and governors will see implanted To endless days, the Christian Education, Within their noble, faith-enrapture nation.
The ruby sun pour forth resplendent rays; And lovely dawn her scarlet and her gold, Her brilliant colors all about her sprays; So skillful noble Teaching doth unfold To living minds the joy of virtuous ways. She offers our dear motherland the light That leads us to immortal glory's height.
My mother said that I knew enough already, and that I should not go back to Manila. Did my mother perhaps have a foreboding of what was to happen to me? JRizal to Blumentritt, 8th Nov 1888 I still remember when I was 16, my mother told my father: "Don t send him to Manila any longer; he knows enough; if he gets to know any more, they will cut off his head" My father did not reply, but my brother took me to Manila despite my mother's tears.
(1) his father liked it and (2) still uncertain as to what career to pursue 1878-79: Medical course, Fr. Ramon Rector of the Ateneo to cure his mother's growing blindness
be so squeamish!" versatility than true bent Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878) continued his ties with Ateneo Unhappy in UST hostility of Dominican professors discrimination against Filipino students methods of instruction obsolete and repressive
members were called "Companions of Jehu" honoring Jehu who fought foreign influences and drove his chariot at a fast pace led the Filipino students into combat against Spanish students Escolta: wounded on the head freshman, summer vacation of 1878: victim of Spanish officer s brutality
Literary Works
1879: A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth)
Hold high the brow serene, O youth, where now you stand. Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen, Fair hope of my fatherland! Come now, thou genius grand, And bring down inspiration; With thy mighty hand, Swifter than the winds volation, Raise the eager mind to higher station.
lethargy, to let their geniuses fly swifter than the wind and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people Classic for two reasons: (1) first great poem recognized by Spanish literary authorities (2) expressed the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos (not foreigners) were the "fair hope of the Fatherland"
Literary Works
1880 -El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the
Gods) allegorical drama (characters, objects symbolize moral/religious principles) based on the Greek classics, it established a parallel among Homer, Virgil and Cervantes Objection from Spanish community Other Literary Works (1) Zarzuela: Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) (2) Sonnet: A Filipinas (3) Poems: Abd - el - Azis y Mahoma, Al MRP Pablo Ramon
Trips
May 1881: Rizal's first visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan - Pakil: pilgrimage to the famous shrine of the Birhen
Maria delos Dolores - fascinated by the turumba, the people dancing in the streets during the procession - infatuated with Vicenta Ybardolaza, she played the harp at the Regalado home - side-trip to the town of Leonor Valenzuela; Pagsanjan Falls