Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEEPAK BAJAJ
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Chapters
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Entrepreneur & Entrepreneurial Management Entrepreneurship Development Project Management Product Selection Business Model Project Design & Network Analysis Incentives & Subsidies Statutory Requirements Current Trends Case Studies of Leading Entrepreneurs
Session II
Characteristics & Traits of Entrepreneur
Session III
Factors Influencing Entrepreneur
Session IV
Causal Reasoning & Effectual Reasoning
SESSION I
(Business Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur)
ENTREPRENEUR
In the process of producing good or providing services, many functionaries are generally involved. Inventor gets the idea of a new product or new service, capitalist provides the funds needed, specialist workers provide whatever services or expertise needed to turn the idea in to a product or service for sale in the market place. Managers plan the sequence of action, direct the workers to produce things, manage finances & marketing etc., to make these combined efforts successful. Yet there is one person who initiates the action, binds every thing together & makes the entire system function as an enterprise. Entrepreneur, He is the Entrepreneur, without whom the enterprise would not have taken off.
Entrepreneur is viewed as an initiator of action, stimulator of action, social economic changes & a harnesser of resources & factors of production to create wealth. Entrepreneur is one who distinguishes as a person & must be a visionary carrying dreams & desires to achieve & lead his enterprise & men to success. He is not an inventor, but an innovator with outstanding leadership qualities. Entrepreneur is an important input in economic development of a region; he is the focal point in fields of economics. He is a critical factor in socio-economic changes; he is the key person sociowho envisages new opportunities, new techniques, new lines of production, new products & co-ordinates all other activities. co-
Entrepreneurship is neither a science nor an art, it is a practice, it has a knowledge base. Knowledge in entrepreneurship is a means to an end. Entrepreneur in essence, is one who can dream, desire, change & succeed in spite of all odd & adversities. Intense urge to exercise power over things & objects is an intrinsic quality of an entrepreneur. Sociologists consider him as a sensitive energizer in modernization of the society he lives in, his motivation & aspirations are conducive to development.
Definition of an Entrepreneur
Term entrepreneur is defined in a variety of ways, yet no single expression has been found to define the precise skills & abilities that make a person a successful entrepreneur. The concept varies from country to country & period to period. To arrive at some description of entrepreneur, let us study the views of some known management gurus: J. A. Schumpeter A person who introduces innovations & changes is an entrepreneur.(He treated an entrepreneur as an integral part of economic growth). Adam Smith Entrepreneur is a person who provides capital without taking active part in the leading role in an enterprise. Webster Entrepreneur is one who is endowed with more than average capacities in risk of organizing & coordinating various factors of production.
Peter Drucker Entrepreneur is one who always searches for change, responds to it & exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is a specific tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for different business or enterprise. Dewing The function of an entrepreneur is one that promotes ideas in to business. Frank Young Entrepreneur is a change agent. Francis A Walker True entrepreneur is one who is endowed with more than average capabilities of organizing & coordinating various factors of production. New Encyclopedia Britannica Entrepreneur is an individual who bears the risk of operating a business in the face of uncertainties about the future conditions.
Qualities of entrepreneur have been perceived in many different ways, but the four key elements those are always involved in it are (i) Innovation, (ii) Risk taking, (iii) Vision & (iv) Organizing Innovation, taking, skill. skill. All these four elements are interrelated & form a continuous process in business. Entrepreneurial vision encompasses relentless pursuit for operational excellence, innovative technology & being responsive to the needs of the market place
RISK TAKING
INNOVATION ETHICS
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE
Entrepreneurial Structure
Structure represents the formal, official task relationship of people in entrepreneurial activities. In entrepreneurial activity, policies, programs, practices & measurement make possible for innovation & growth. They create proper attitude & provide proper tools. EntrepreEntrepreneurial activity confines to the task of planning, directing, controlling, marketing, leading, motivating & channeling the activities of individuals & the group towards entrepreneurial goal. Structure & interpersonal relationship should be such that they allow people to be entrepreneurs.
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
PEOPLE
TECHNOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION OF ENTREPRENEURS
The most common classification rests on the business type. Under this classification we have: -
Business Entrepreneur He is an individual who conceives an idea for a new product or service & then creates a business to materialize their idea into reality. He taps both production & marketing resources to develop a new business opportunity.
Trading Entrepreneur He undertakes trading activities as his enterprise & does not concern himself with manufacturing work. He identifies potential market, stimulates demand for his product line & creates a desire & interest among buyers to go in for his products.
Agricultural Entrepreneur He undertakes agricultural activities which may include harvesting & marketing crops, fertilizers & other agricultural inputs
Service Entrepreneur He has interest in providing one or many types of connected services to the customers. He searches for potential avenues where customers are seeking convenience in their day-to-day day-toactivities & promptly attends to their needs. He creates & expands his customer base & maintains regular contact with his customers.
Industrial Entrepreneur
He is essentially a manufacturer who identifies the potential needs of customers & tailors a product or service to meet marketing needs. He is a product oriented man who starts an industrial unit because of the possibility of making some new product.
Corporate Entrepreneur
He is a person who demonstrates his innovative skills in organizing & managing corporate undertaking a form of business organization in which he plans, develops & manages a corporate body.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship is the process undertaken by an entrepreneur to augment his business interests. It is an exercise involving innovation & creativity that will go towards establishing the enterprise. Entrepreneurship in effect is the creation of new enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a composite skill, the resultant of a mix of many qualities & traits imagination, readiness to take risks, ability to bring together & out to use various factors of production, capital, labour, land, government approvals as also ability to mobilize scientific & technological advances.
When an enterprise is in the process of being created by an entrepreneur, it is often referred to as a new venture. New ventures typically fall in the category of small businesses & is generally called small business owner. Small Businesses are considered to be independently owned company that employs fewer than 500 persons.
ENTREPRENEUR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTERPRISE
PERSON
PROCESS OF ACTION
OBJECT
Concept of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the propensity of mind to take calculated risks with confidence to achieve a pre-determined business or preindustrial objective. In substance it is the risk taking capacity of an individual broadly coupled with capability to make correct decisions. An enterprise finds manifestation in different ways. Capacity to take risk independently & individually with a view to making profit, Seizing opportunity by way of producing & or marketing goods & commodities to meet the expanding & diversifying actual & potential needs & demands of the customers is what constitute the entrepreneurial material.
Risks
Very high
High
Moderate
Very high
Evaluation
Very difficult
Difficult
Somewhat difficult
Easy
Profit potential
Very high
High
High to Moderate
Moderate to low
Low to nil