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Optic Vesicle
II. As neural folds fuse (= forebrain formation) optic vesicles evagination of forebrain
-Induction of lens placode (surface ectoderm) -Formation of optic stalk and optic cup from optic vesicle
invagination of distal optic vesicle to form double walled cup Optic (choroid) fissure sulcus on ventral aspect optic cup/stalk (allows passage of vasculature to lens & layers of cup) Lens placode ectodermal thickening Lens pit invaginates to form lens vesicle
Choroid Fissure
2 main function: 1) To allow the mesoderm to infiltrate or reach the inner part of the optic cup-vitreous humor 2) Hyloid artery
Optic nerve
Lens
Lens placode and lens vesicle formation Primary lens fibrescells of posterior wall of lens vesicle elongate rapidly to form the primary lens fibres which obliterate the cavity of lens vesicle 3rd month- embryonic nucleus Secondary lens fibres
equatorial cells of anterior epithelium which remain active through our life
Fetal nucleus (3rd to 8th month), Infantile nucleus (last weeks of fetal life to
puberty), Adult nucleus (after puberty), and Cortex (superficial lens fibres of adult lens) Lens capsule is a true basement membrane produced by the lens epithelium on its external aspect.
Ciliary Body
Two layers of epithelium of cilliary body develop from the anterior part of the 2 layers of optic cup. Stroma of ciliary body, ciliary muscle and blood vessels are developed from the vascular layer of mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup.
Iris
Both layers of epithelium are derived from the marginal layers of optic cup(neuroectoderm) Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles are derived from the anterior epithelium(neuroectoderm) Stroma and blood vessel of the iris developed from the vascular layer of mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup.
Cornea
External layer-ectoderm The rest are mesodermal
Sclera
Inner vascular layer of mesenchyme
coloboma
-choroid fissure fails to close. Normally this fissure closes during the seventh week of development
-Hyaloid artery may persist to form a cord or cyst. Normally the distalportion of this vessel degenerates, leaving the proximal part to form the centralartery of the retina.
Anophthalmia is absence of the eye. Congenital aphakia (absence of the lens) and aniridia (absence of the iris) are rare anomalies
Cyclopia (single eye) and synophthalmia (fusion of the eyes) comprise a spectrum of defects in which the eyes are partially or completely fused