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Vegetative growth
Microbial growth
Population growth as opposed to cell growth Measured by total number of cells Exponential due to binary fission reproduction The increase in number of cells, not cell size
Binary
fission Budding
The bacterial chromosome is duplicated shortly before binary fission begins. The duplication usually occurs by the rolling circle mechanism taking place at the cell membrane. The duplicate chromosomes attach to the cell membrane, which grows and separates the chromosomes. At this point, the bacterium contains two chromosomes in regions known as nucleoids. The chromosomes separate, and the cell wall and cell membrane begin to form a septum. The septum becomes complete and the two new daughter cells separate.
In
yeast, DNA duplication occurs and a new cell develops at the surface of the existing cells This small cells gathers cytoplasm and organelles (if a eukaryotic cell) and develops and breaks free from the parent cell The reproductive process is called budding
1 million cells
Direct methods Plate counts Filtration MPN Direct microscopic count Dry weight
Figure 6.16
After incubation, count colonies on plates that have 25-250 colonies (CFUs)
Filtration
Turbidity
Bacterial Growth
Four phases of growth in a culture Lag phase Log phase (or exponential phase) Stationary phase Death phase (or decline phase)
Will
encompass several hours During this time the organisms grow in size, accumulate organic matter and store large quantities of chemical energy such as ATP for biosynthesis
Microorganisms undergo rapid cell division and fulfill their generation time. The population doubles during each generation time The population increases in size at a logarithmic or exponential rate Rapid cell growth (exponential growth) population doubles every generation microbes are sensitive to adverse conditions
During the third phase of a populations history, the rate of cell division decreases and the older cells begin to die. During this phase, the number of living cells in the population remains constant. Death rate = rate of reproduction cells begin to encounter environmental stress lack of nutrients lack of water not enough space metabolic wastes oxygen pH Endospores would form now
During the fourth phase, the death/decline phase, the environment has become difficult for living and the rate of cell death exceeds the rate of cell division. The population declines in numbers and the population may completely die out if the environmental stresses are not reversed. Death rate > rate of reproduction Due to limiting factors in the environment