PRESENTATION ON

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT????

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ENCOMPASSES OF.

CRUST LITHOSPHERE

UPPER MANTLE
LOWER MANTLE

OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

ACCORDING TO THE EARTH SCCIENCE..

GEOGRAPHICAL ACTIVITIES

WATER ON EARTH

 Water covers 70.9% of the Earth's surface.

On Earth, 96.5% - Oceans 1.7% 1.7% Groundwater Glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland

0.001% - in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation & a small fraction in other large water bodies Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, ponds and the atmosphere.

ATMOSPHERE & CLIMATE

ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the

planetary ecosystem. It is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% - Nitrogen 21% - Oxygen 1% - Argon and other inert gases such as carbon dioxide.

Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor.

Air content and atmospheric pressure varies at different layers.

Atmospheric layers
Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main layers: 1. Exosphere: The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the exobase upward, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.
2. Thermosphere: Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about

350800 km (220500 mi; 1,100,0002,600,000 ft). The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320 and 380 km (200 and 240 mi).
3. Mesosphere: The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 8085 km (5053 mi; 260,000280,000 ft).

4. Stratosphere: The stratosphere extends from the tropopause to about

51 km (32 mi; 170,000 ft). The stratopause, which is the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere, typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 160,000 to 180,000 ft).
5. Troposphere: The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to

between 7 km (23,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator, with some variation due to weather. The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere.

OTHER LAYERS
1.Ozone layer 2.Ionosphere 3.Homosphere & Heterosphere 4.Planetary boundary layer

CLIMATE
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time.

LIFE

Ecosystems
An ecosystem(also called as environment) is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and microorganisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment . Biological diversity Human ecosystems Wilderness

Biomes & Biogeochemical cycles

Biomes :
Biomes are terminologically similar to the concept of ecosystems, and are climatically and geographically defined areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.

Biogeochemical cycles :
Water cycle Oxygen cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle

GLOBAL WARMING

Spread of disease

Increased probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves

Economic consequences

Polar ice caps melting

Fires & wildfires

Destructive storms

Death by smog

Desertification

Tsunamis

Cold Waves

Increased volcanic activity

More dangerous thunderstorms

More outbreaks of deadly diseases

Loss of biodiversity

Death of ocean life

Animal attacks

Diminished food and water supplies

CHALLENGES / ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

 Climate Change Conservation Energy Environmental Degradation Environmental Health Genetic Engineering Intensive Farming

Mega Projects
Land Degradation

Soil Land Use Nanotechnology Nuclear Issues Overpopulation Ozone Depletion Pollution

Goals Commonly Expressed By Environmental Scientists

 Future Goals Of Zero Pollution

Converting Non-recyclable Materials Into Energy. Reduced Consumption Of Non-renewable Resources. Developing Green, Low-carbon Renewable Resources. Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Scarce Resources.

Preservation Of Endangered Species Extinction.