AND ITS APPLICATION IN PAINTS

NAME AMULYA RAJ ROLL NO 06 SEMESTER 5TH

Polyurethanes are mainly charecterised by the linkage:

And may also contain other functional groups such as ester, ether, urea and amide. The most important commercial route for the synthesis of such polymers is the addition polymeristaion of isocyanates by reacting with di- and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds or polyisocyanates.

PROPERTIES
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Good chemical resistance Good abrasion resistance Good toughness Good corrosion resistance Wide range of mechanical strengths.

APPLICATIONS
The areas where PU finds its application are: 1) Construction 2) Furniture and Bedding 3) Elastomers 4) COATINGS 5) Appliances 6) Footwear

BINDER

PIGMENTS

SOLVENTS

ADDITIVES

PAINTS

Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, colour or provide texture to objects. The BINDER, or resin, is the actual film forming component of paint. It imparts adhesion, binds the pigments together, and strongly influences such properties as gloss potential, exterior durability, flexibility, and toughness. Binders include synthetic or natural resins such as acrylics, POLYURETHANES, polyesters, melamine resins, epoxy, or oils.

PIGMENTS are granular solids incorporated into the paint to contribute colour, toughness, texture, give the paint some special properties or simply to reduce the cost of the paint.

The main purposes of the SOLVENT are to adjust the curing properties and viscosity of the paint. It is volatile and does not become part of the paint film. It also controls flow and application properties, and affects the stability of the paint while in liquid state. Besides the three main categories of ingredients, paint can have a wide variety of miscellaneous ADDITIVES, which are usually added in very small amounts and yet give a very significant effect on the product. TOPCOAT UNDERCOAT PRIMER

A paint system is basically composed of primer/sealer, undercoat and topcoat.

P O L Y U R E T H A N E C O A T I N G

RAW MATERIALS ISOCYANATES

ALIPHATIC ISOCYANATES These impart good light stability. These show improved resistance towards dis colouration, hydrolysis and heat degradation. These are less reactive but the presence of tin, lead, zinc activates the reactivity. Eg.1,6,hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4,dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. AROMATIC ISOCYANATES These have a tendency to show yellowness when exposed to sunlight for a long time. They are more reactive than aliphatic. They have good weather resistance and chemical resistance. Eg.tolylenediisocyanate4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

1. Hydroxyl terminated polyesters

DI & POLYHYDROXY COMPOUNDS

2. Castor oil

3. Polyether diols and polyols

1) Low molecular weight polyesters containing very low water content have been found suitable for the preparation of polyurethanes. The final properties of the coatings can be controlled by choosing a suitable polyester composition. Eg.For elastic coatings having good low temperature flexibility and relatively low chemical resistance, linear polyesters are used. for rigid coatings having good chemical resistance, good heat resistance, high hardness & low elongation, highly branched polyesters are used.

2) Castor oil consists mainly of a triglyceride of ricinoleic(12-hydroxy-oleic) acid(90% ricinoleic acid,10% non-hydroxyl acids, largely oleic and linoleic acids), is a frequent hydroxyl component of urethane coatings. Castor oil imparts excellent water resistance and weathering resistance properties to urethane polymers.

3) Hydroxy terminated polyethers have found wide applications because of lower price than polyesters and because they render a wide a spectrum of physical properties to the polyurethane coatings. Polyethers are generally prepared either by the addition of alkylene oxides to glycols, polyols or di or polyamines or by the polymerisation of tetrahydrofuran.

CATALYSTS
Catalysts play an important role in the urethane coatings. Catalysts are mainly used in the preparation of prepolymers. The nature of catalysts varies according to whether it is a moisture cured system(NCO-H2O reaction) or the curing involves the reaction between NCO & -OH groups. The most effective catalysts for isocyanate-water reactions are tertiary amines, while metal catalysts are by far the most efficient catalysts for NCO and OH reactions. For aromatic isocyanates: Bi, Pb, Sn, Ce, Mo, Cu, Mn etc. For aliphatic isocyanates: Bi, Fe, Sb, Zn, trialkyl amine etc

OTHER COATING COMPONENTS

SOLVENTS
a) The selection is based on storage stability and evaporation rates. b) They should be free from H2 atoms including water or moisture. c) Esters such as methyl,ethyl,butyl,cellulose & hexyl acetates. d) For spray applications volatile solvent blends & brush applications less volatile solvents are used.

PIGMENTS Pigments used comprise mainly of extender pigments, white hiding pigments, inorganic and organic coloured & black pigments. The main criterion for the selection of a suitable pigment is that it should be free from moisture and reactive chemical groups. UV ABSORBERS & ANTIOXIDANTS a) These are added to increase the resistance of urethane coatings to discoloration and to improve outdoor durability. b) The most frequently used UV absorbers are substituted benzophenone and substituted benzotriazole derivatives. c) A/O used are substituted phenols, aromatic amines, condensation products of amino-phenols with aldehydes, thio compounds.

MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES
These include flow agents, bodying agents and finally flatting agents. Flow agents such as silicones, cellulose acetates
butyrates and certain acrylic copolymers, are used to enhance leveling and to avoid cratering and bubbling in urethane coatings. Flow agents especially used in PU powder coatings to avoid formation of orange peel. Bodying agents are mainly used to increase the sag resistance of coating formulations. Bodying agents generally used are certain types of cellulose acetate butyrates or polyvinylbutyral. For urethane emulsions, commonly employed thickeners are polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, etc,. These are mainly used to enhance the holdout properties of emulsions in textile coatings. since urethane coatings usually exhibit very high gloss, certain flatting agents such as finely divided silica, certain metal stearates such as Al or Zn stearates, are added to reduce the gloss.

APPLICATIONS
The main applications are in coatings for wood, chemically resistant industrial paints for metals, Coatings for electrical uses, coatings for concrete, coatings for flexible substrates and coatings for marine applications.