Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definitions of Management.
Management is the art of getting things done through and with others in formally organised groups -- Koontz Odonnel.
A manager in management has to manage the work, workers and the managers. --Peter F. Drucker.
Principles of Management
Henri Fayol, A French management expert, has outlined 14 fundamental principles of Management to be adopted by managers for achieving effective administration. Later on a few more principles such as Span of control, Delegation of Authority, Dcentralisation have also been added to the same. These principles have universal application in all walks of life.
Principles of Management.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Initiative Unity of Direction. Unity of command. Division of work. Centralisation. Order. Equity. Discipline. Parity of Authority and duty.. 10.Scalar Chain of Authority. 11.Security of tenure. 12. Subordination of individual interest to group interest. 13.Remuneration. 14.Espirit de corps. 15. Delegation of Authority 16.Span of Control 17. Decentralisation.
Organisation Structures.
The term organisation structure refers to the hierarchical relationship that exists between the various levels of the organisation. Structures in general have been classified into two broad categories namely traditional structures and modern structures. Traditional structure comprises of Line, Functional and Line and Staff structures. Modern structure comprises of Matrix and Committees
Traditional Structures.
Line Structure:- This is the oldest of management structures. It is based on the military model of administration. It comprises of an autocratic superior who administers the unit by acting as a dictator. The subordinates merely execute his orders. It functions through a formal downward Communication channel.
Modern Structures.
1.Matrix Structure:- This structure comprises of two sets of activities. The unit would undertake a major activity in a continuous manner. The finished product of the major activity would constitute the main input for several short term Projects. Each project would be managed by a Project Manager. He would be assisted by functional experts drawn from the major activity. The projects provide maximum liquidity and flexibility to the unit.