Hemolytic Disorder

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Anemia - reduction in the number/ function of erythrocytes. Polycythemia - increase in number of RBCs

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Normochromic Normocytic Anemia - impaired production of erythrocytes by the bone marrow. > RBCs are normal in both size and color but there are simply too few of them. Acute Blood Loss Anemia -decrease in RBC due to acute hgge. > pale in appearance > tachycardia

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

> Oxygen deficit ---- tachypnea NB >grasping respiration >sternal retraction >cyanosis Mgt. Control of bleeding by addressing its underlying cause. Positioning (supine)

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Warm with blankets; incubator/radiant warmer BT may be necessary to provide immediate increase in the number of erythrocytes. Anemia of Acute Infection - acute infection/ inflammation may lead to increased destruction of erythrocytes--decreased erythrocyte level.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

>esteomyelitis, ulcerative colitis & renal disease. Mgt. Treatment of the underlying condition. Anemia of Renal Disease - loss of function in kidney cells; decrease in erythropoietin production

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Anemia of Neoplastic Disease -invasion of bone marrow by proliferating neoplastic cells impairs RBC production. Aplastic Anemias -condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells; depression of hematopoeitic activity in the bone marrow.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Congenital Aplastic Anemia -Fanconis Syndrome -inherited as an autosomal recessive trait >skeletal and renal abnormalities, hypogenitalism & short stature >pancytopenia Acquired Aplastic Anemia -decrease in bone marrow production that can occur if a child is exposed excessively to radiation, drugs, or chemicals known to cause BM damage.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

>chlorampenicol, sulfonamides, arsenic, hydantoin, benzene or quinine. Hypoplastic Anemia - result from depression of hematopoietic activity in bone marrow. Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (blackfan-diamond syndrome) -rare d.o; affects both sexes & is apparently caused by an inherent defect in RBC formation.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Hypersplenism - type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells. Mgt. Treating the underlying cause incldg. Splenectomy.

Hypochromic Anemia -generally accompanied by a reduction in the diameter of cells

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Iron-Deficiency Anemia -most common anemia of infancy and childhood. -RBCs are both hypocytic and hypochromic Mgt. Iron fortified formula Iron fortified cereal

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Chronic Infection Anemia -impaired iron metabolism; impaired RBC production. > anemia of hypochromic, microcytic type occurs Macrocytic (Megaloblastic) Anemia -RBC are abnormally large -caused by nutritional deficiency

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Anemia of Folic Acid Deficiency -Erythrocytes are abnormally large >nuetropenia and thrombocytopenia Mgt. Daily oral admin.of folic acid Pernicous Anemia (Vit. B12 Deficiency) -inabilty to use vitamin; inability to use vit.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Hemolytic Anemia - erythtrocyte level decreases due to increase erythtrocyte destruction. Congenital Spherocytosis -inherited as an autosomal dominant trait -may noticed shortly after birth, but symptoms may occur at any age. >cells are small and defective

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

>hemolysis of RBC appears to occur in the spleen >AbN cell swells, ruptures and destroyed. >Chronic jaundice and splenomegaly developed >bone marrow failure Mgt. Splenectomy at approx.5-6 years.

DiSORDER OF THE RBC

Glucose-6-Phospate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)