By batch 09 Ch.nitish j.

Srinivas Narendra chary Chandra shekar

 Notice Board is primary thing in any institution /

organization or public utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process. A separate person is required to take care of this notices display. This project deals about an advanced hi-tech wireless notice board. Not only displaying the given text but also creating different display effects for given text.

 Radio frequency (RF)= 3o KHz to 300 GHz.

This range corresponds to frequency of alternating current

electrical signals used to produce and detect radio waves. Since most of this range is beyond the vibration rate that most mechanical systems can respond to, RF usually refers to oscillations in electrical circuits or electromagnetic radiation

 No line of sight is needed.

Not blocked by common materials: It can penetrate

most solids and pass through walls. Longer range. It is not sensitive to the light It is not much sensitive to the environmental changes and weather conditions.

 FACTORS INFLUENCED TO CHOOSE STT-433MHz

ideal for remote control applications. Low cost , longer range ,small size. 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate

frequency control for best range performance.

 GND

Transmitter ground. Connect to ground plane DATA Digital data input. This input is CMOS compatible and should be driven with CMOS level inputs. VCC Operating voltage for the transmitter. VCC should be bypassed with a .01uF ceramic capacitor and filtered with a 4.7uF tantalum capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade transmitter noise performance. ANT 50 ohm antenna output. The antenna port impedance affects output power and harmonic emissions. Antenna can be single core wire of approximately 17cm length or PCB trace antenna

 FEATURES

Low current (max. 100 mA) Low voltage (max. 65 V). BC 557 PNP Transistor acts as a switch is used in this project

 The typical connection shown cannot work exactly at all times because there will be

no proper synchronization between the transmitter and the microcontroller unit. whatever the microcontroller sends the data to the transmitter, the transmitter is not able to accept this data as this will be not in the radio frequency range. Thus, we need an intermediate device which can accept the input from the microcontroller, process it in the range of radio frequency range and then send it to the transmitter. Thus, an encoder is used.

 The 318 (3 power of 18) series of encoders begins a three-

word transmission cycle upon reset of a transmission enable This cycle will repeat itself as long as the transmission enable (TE or D12~D17) is held high. Once the transmission enable falls low, the encoder output completes its final cycle and then stops as shown below.

 The status of each address/data pin can be individually

preset to logic high, logic low, or floating. If a transmission enable signal is applied, the encoder scans and transmits the status of the 18 bits of address/data serially in the order A0 to AD17.

 For the TE trigger type of encoders, transmission is enabled

by applying a high signal to the TE pin. But for the Data trigger type of encoders, it is enabled by applying a high signal to one of the data pins D12~D17.

 The data sent from the microcontroller is encoded and sent to RF

transmitter. The data is transmitted on the antenna pin. Thus, this data should be received on the destination i.e., on RF receiver.

 The data is received by the RF receiver from the

antenna pin and this data is available on the data pins. Two Data pins are provided in the receiver module. Thus, this data can be used for further applications

 ANT

Antenna input.
GND

Receiver Ground. Connect to ground plane.

VCC (5V)

VCC pins are electrically connected and provide operating voltage for the receiver. VCC can be applied to either or both. VCC should be bypassed with a .1F ceramic capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade receiver sensitivity. DATA Digital data output. This output is capable of driving one TTL or CMOS load. It is a CMOS compatible output.

Decoder
Features
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V. Low power and high noise

immunity CMOS technology.

Low standby current. Capable of decoding 18 bits of

information.
Pairs with HOLTEKs 318 series of

encoders.
8~18 address pins. 0~8 data pins.

For proper operation, a pair of encoder/decoder pair with the same number of address and data format should be selected. The 3^18 series of decoders receives serial address and data from that series of encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF medium. Signal on DIN pin activates the oscillator It then compares the serial input data twice continuously with its local address. If no errors or unmatched codes are encountered, the input data codes are decoded and then transferred to the output pins. The VT pin also goes high to indicate a valid transmission. That will last until the address code is incorrect or no signal has been received. This is used to decode N bit address and 18-N bits of data

 The data transmitted into the air is received by the receiver.

The received data is taken from the data line of the receiver and is fed to the decoder .The output of decoder is given to microcontroller and then data is processed according to the applications

4K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory. RAM is 128 bytes, 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM 2.7V to 6V Operating Range. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Two-level Program Memory Lock. 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM. 32 Programmable I/O Lines, two 16-bit Timer/Counters. Six Interrupt Sources. Programmable Serial UART Channel. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes 128Kb RAM (including SFRs as well) satisfies basic needs, but it is not imposing amount. 4 ports having in total of 32 input/output lines are mostly enough to make connection to peripheral environment

Input and output ports

This is a simplified overview of what is connected to a

pin inside the microcontroller. It concerns all pins except those included in P0 which do not have embedded pull-up resistor.

Out pin

Input pin

A logic zero (0) is applied to a

A logic one (1) is applied to a bit in

bit in the P register. By turning output FE transistor on, the appropriate pin is directly connected to ground

the P register. Output FE transistor is turned off. The appropriate pin remains connected to voltage power supply through a pull-up resistor of high resistance

Port 0
It is specific to this port to have a double purpose. If

external memory is used then the lower address byte (addresses A0-A7) is applied on it. Otherwise, all bits on this port are configured as inputs or outputs. If any pin on this port is configured as input then it performs as if it floats. Such input has unlimited input resistance and has no voltage coming from inside.

Contd
When the pin is configured as output, it performs as open

drain, meaning that by writing 0 to some ports bit, the appropriate pin will be connected to ground (0V). By writing 1, the external output will keep on floating. In order to apply 1 (5V) on this output, an external pull-up resistor must be embedded.

 Port 1

This is a true I/O port, because there are no role assigning as it is the case with P0. Since it has embedded pull-up resistors it is completely compatible with TTL circuits. Port 2 Similar to P0, when using external memory, lines on this port occupy addresses intended for external memory chip. This time it is the higher address byte with addresses A8-A15. When there is no additional memory, this port can be used as universal inputoutput port similar by its features to the port 1.

Contd.
Port 3

Even though all pins on this port can be used as

universal I/O port, they also have an alternative function. Since each of these functions use inputs, then the appropriate pins have to be configured like that. In other words, prior to using some of reserve port functions, a logical one (1) must be written to the appropriate bit in the P3 register. From hardwares perspective, this port is also similar to P0, with the difference that its outputs have a pull-up resistor embedded.

LED (light emitting diode)

Light-emitting diodes are elements for light

signalization This means that a conductor must be connected in parallel to a diode. In order to correctly determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diodes voltage drop in forward direction

 The declining prices of LCDs. The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is

in contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the data. Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

 LCD screen 16x2 Each character consists of 5x7 dot matrix. Contrast on display depends on the power supply voltage

and whether messages are displayed in one or two lines. For that reason, variable voltage 0-Vdd is applied on pin marked as Vee. Trimmer potentiometer is usually used for that purpose. Some versions of displays have built in backlight (blue or green diodes). When used during operating, a resistor for current limitation should be used (like with any LE diode).

 To have a clear view of the characters on the LCD, contrast

should be adjusted. To adjust the contrast, the voltage should be varied. For this, a preset is used which can behave like a variable voltage device. As the voltage of this preset is varied, the contrast of the LCD can be adjusted.

Once the power supply is turned on, LCD is automatically cleared. This process lasts for approximately 15mS. After that, display is ready to operate. The mode of operating is set by default. This means that: 1. Display is cleared 2. Mode DL = 1 Communication through 8-bit interface N = 0 Messages are displayed in one line F = 0 Character font 5 x 8 dots

3. Display/Cursor on/off D = 0 Display off U = 0 Cursor off B = 0 Cursor blink off 4. Character entry ID = 1 Addresses on display are automatically incremented by 1 S = 0 Display shift off

 two 8-bit ports, an 8*8 matrix of keys can be connected to a

microprocessor. When a key is pressed, a row and a column make a contact, otherwise there is no connection between rows and columns. A single microcontroller (consisting of a microprocessor, RAM, EPROM and several ports all on a single chip) takes care of hardware and software interfacing of the keypad. In such systems, it is the function of programs stored in EPROM of the microcontroller to scan the keys continuously, identify which one has been activated and present it to the motherboard

 The rows are connected to an output port and the columns are

connected to an input port. If no key has been pressed, reading the input port will yield 1s for all columns since they are all connected to high (Vcc). If all the rows are grounded and a key is pressed, one of the columns will have 0 since the key pressed provides the path to ground. It is the function of the microcontroller to scan the keypad continuously to detect and identify the key pressed.

Power supply

 Switch ON the power supply. Wait for the message to be displayed on the LCD that

Type the message. Type the required message which you want to display at the receiver through Keypad. Press # key through keypad in order to transmit the message. The transmitted message will be displayed on the LCDs at the corresponding receivers. At the transmitter end if the user wants to delete the previous message, the key d has to be pressed

 After pressing the key d,if the user wants to send the

other message repeat the above points 3 and 4. At the receiver end the previous message will be replaced automatically with the new one. In order to start the entire system from the initial position press the reset switch mounted at the microcontroller. When the reset switch is pressed all the registers in the controller are initialized to zero so that the whole system gets refreshed.

 Wireless system

Data will not be lost in power loss condition

Information can be sent from the remote place Less maintenance cost

More durable
Fast operating Fancy method etc.

As it is a wireless system it carries the disadvantages that they carry Proper care should be taken such that there is no interference with other RF signals

 This project presents a wireless electronic board using

89S52. The message is typed from the keypad and the data is displayed on the LCD at the transmitter end and the same message is seen on the LCD at the receivers placed at the different places and the message is been observed and the project is been designed and implemented with Atmel 89S52 MCU in embedded system domain. Experimental work has been carried out carefully. The result shows that higher efficiency is indeed achieved using the embedded system. The proposed method is verified to be highly beneficial for the purpose of sending the common message to the multipoint receivers.

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