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A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

IP TELEPHONY

INTRODUCTION
The current development on telecommunication industry is changing the use of telecommunication networks remarkably. People use telephone lines more and more for data transfer instead of ordinary voice calls. Obviously these changes has strong affection to the networks and operators. Public networks are moving from circuit switched networks to packet switched networks.. IP telephony means that voice and fax calls are transmitted over an IP network such as an Internet, rather than over the familiar PSTN.

STEPS FOR TRANSMITTING VOICE OVER IP NETWORKS :


1.Audio from microphone are converted at audio I/p device. 2.The samples are copied in to the memory buffer in blocks of frame length. 3.Silence detector decides whether the block is to be treated as silence or as a part of a talks port. 4.if the block is talks port it is coded with a selected algorithm. 5.some header information is added to the block.

6.The packet is transferred over a physical network and received by the peer.

7.The header information is removed ,block of audio is decoded using the same algorithm it was encoded, and samples are written into a buffer. 8.The block of samples is copied from the buffer to the audio o/p device.
9.The audio o/p device D/A converts the samples and output them.

TYPES OF CONNECTION
There are three basic business scenarios for IP telephony: IP terminal to IP terminal:-

IP terminal to Phone or Phone to IP terminal:-

Phone to Phone:-

IP TELEPHONY vs PSTN
The primary difference between the Internet and the

PSTN is their switching architectures.


The internet is dynamic routing(based on non-

geographic addressing) versus the PSTN uses static switching(based on geographic addressing).
PSTN dedicates a fixed amount of bandwidth for each

conversation and thus quality is guaranteed.

ADVANTAGES
Advantages of IP Telephony include lower cost for long

distance calls and reduced access charges also more efficient backbones.
The benefits of shifting traditional voice onto packet networks

can be reaped by business, Internet service Providers (ISP),traditional carriers etc.


For consumers IP Telephony started from inexpensive or even

free internet calls..

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OF H.323 The network architecture consists of four types of network
elements: Terminals, Gatekeepers, Gateways and Multipoint Control Unit(MCU).

Terminals:-these are clients which are able to receive or initiate calls. They generate and receive bi-directional real time information streams. Gatekeeper:-It manages Zone ,which is a collection of terminals, gateways and MCU. Gatekeeper may also provide call control signaling, call authorization and call management. Gateways:-It is responsible for connecting IP telephone network to other type of networks, PSTN or ISDN. MCU:- All terminals participating in the conference establish a connection with the MCU

SECURITY ISSUES

The internet is an open network where everyone can receive and transmit packets relatively easily.

Four basic security aspects addressed in IP telephony: Authentication: A process to ensure that the participants really are who they claim to be. Integrity: A process to ensure that the contents of the packet remains unchanged during transmission. Privacy:- Using ciphering mechanisms eavesdroppers are prevented to listen the contents of transmitted packets. Non-repudiation:- A process to prevent that someone can deny he done something on plain text.

CONCLUSION
VOIP in its various forms raises several complex questions that go beyond the immediacy of whether or not consumers get cheaper telephone calls, but at the same time IP technology is ushering in a world of peer-to-peer communications that provides opportunities (and dangers) for multiple business models and players. IP telephony terminals can be entertainment center in the future. Radio and Video services could be used over IP network from home or even when the user is traveling by using mobile phones

Thank you

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