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Ch. 3 The Dynamic Earth Click to edit Master subtitle style

Unit 1 Ch. 3 Intro to env Science

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3.1 The Geosphere

Earth is a system with 4 parts

Geosphere rock air water

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere Biosphere

living things

These

4 parts are

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The geosphere
Composition

of the earth

3 layers
Crust

outer layer, thin, made of lighter elements middle layer, medium density rocks innermost layer of dense elements

Mantle Core

Structure

of the earth
rigid outer

Lithosphere

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Plate tectonics
Lithosphere

divided into pieces called

plates
Plates

float on top of the athenosphere

Continents

are on top of plates and move with them boundaries site of geological activity when plates collide, move away from or slide along each other

Plate

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Plates of the world

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Earthquakes

Fault

break in the earths crust where blocks of the crust slide along each other (blocks) slip due to stress sending out vibrations of energy through the earths crust causing an earthquake

Rocks

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volcanoes
Volcano

mountains built by magma, rises from inside the earth to the surface along plate boundaries
Ring

Located

of Fire

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erosion
Erosion

removal and transport of surface materials by wind and water

Caused

Changes

the shape of rocks and landscape softer rocks erode more quickly mtns =

Applachian

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3.2 the atmosphere


Mixture Keeps

of gases surrounding the earth the earth warm so living things can survive constantly put in and taken out
Nitrogen Oxygen Other

Gases

Composition

78%

21%

1%

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Layers of the atmosphere


Based

on temp changes nearest to the surface, where all the weather occurs, temp as altitude temp as altitude because ozone is absorbing uv

Troposphere

Stratosphere

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Energy in the atmosphere


Energy

the sun ways

comes from Energy comes into in 3

atmosphere from sun


Some is reflected by earths surface is absorbed by earths surface (1/2) is scattered by clouds and air is absorbed by clouds

Transferred
Radiation

rays through space objects touching

Some

Conduction Convection

Some

Some

by air currents circulates Earths surface heat through radiates heat back

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Greenhouse effect
Process Life

in which gases trap heat near the earth could not exist on earth without GE

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3.3 The Hydrosphere


All

water on or near the earths surface for life

Required The

water cycle continuous movement of water into the air, onto land and back to water sources
Evaporation

liquid to gas ground to air

Condensation Precipitation

gas to liquid water forms droplet on dust particle forms clouds water falling from clouds

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The water cycle

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oceans
World

ocean interconnected body of all the oceans 70% of earths surface

Covers Made

of: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic water: contains more salts than freshwater

Ocean

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Oceans cont.
Ocean

currents stream like movements of water through the ocean, can be warm or cold, at the surface or deep water wont mix with cold so the currents can travel a great distance where they influence local climates on land

Warm

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Freshwater
30%

of hydrosphere most is frozen in glaciers and icecaps, the rest is in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the ground system network of streams that drain an area of land

River

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The biosphere
Narrow

layer around the earths surface in which life can exist uppermost part of geosphere, most of the hydrosphere, and the lower part of the atmosphere 3 requirements for
water, moderate

Includes

Fulfills

life:
Liquid

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