Concept of Management

From
• Economics
• Sociology
• Psychology
• anthropology
 Present context
• Management as a
• Discipline
• Group of people
• Process
 Discipline
• Field of study with well defined concepts,
principles
 Group of people
• Managerial and non managerial
 Process
• Systematic method of handling activity
• Dynamic, continuous, flexible
• Operational and managerial
 …
• Production oriented
• Decision oriented
• People oriented
• Function oriented
 Production oriented
Taylor
• Management is the art of knowing what
you want to do and then seeing that it is
done in the best and cheapest way
• Relationship bet efforts results
• But “how” – missing
 Decision oriented
• Peter Drucker – business organization –
transforms to productive
• Stanly Vance
• Management is simply the process of
decision making and control over the
action of human beings for the expressed
purpose of attaining pre-determined goals
• Process in which context decision is
applied ?
 People oriented
• Process of coordinative efforts of people.
Lawrence Appley
• Management is the accomplishment of
results through the efforts of other people
• Koontz
• Management is the art of getting things
done through and with people in formally
organized groups
• Functions or activities involved in
process?
 Function oriented
• McFarland:
• Management is defined for conceptual,
theoretical, and analytical purposes as
that process by which managers create,
direct, maintain, and operate purposive
organizations through systematic,
coordinated, cooperative human efforts
 So…….
• Management is a process of involving
• Planning,
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling human efforts to achieve
stated objectives in an organization
 Systems approach
• Recent origin -1960
Features of system
• Assemblage of things connected, interrelated
• System is basically a combination of parts,
subsystems
• Parts and sub parts – mutually related to each
other – directly, indirectly
• Arrangement is more important
• System- identified as has a boundary.
• Boundaries – open system, closed system
 ..

• System transforms inputs into outputs

• Money- input
• Service- output
 Features of management as
system
Social system
Open system –interact - environment
Adaptive – evaluate performance, take
corrective actions
Dynamic
Probabilistic
Multi level, dimensional
Multi variable
Integrated approach – one subsystem to others
 Manager/Managerial role
• Conceptual

• Interpersonal

• technical
 10 roles- Henry mintzberg
• Interpersonal role

• Informational role

• Decision role
 Interpersonal role
• co ordinate, interact, Direction, offer
instructions
• Role of
– Figurehead
– Leader
– Liaison
 Figurehead
• Organizational goal
• Organization ethical guidelines
• Principles of Behaviour
• Dealing with customers and suppliers
 Leader
• Provide example to follow
• Give direct command, orders
• Make decision
• Mobilize employees support –
organizational goals
 Liaison
• co ordinate-Managers of different dept
• Alliance different organizations
 II Informational
• Monitor
• Disseminator
• Spokesperson
 Monitor (Watch dog)
• Evaluate performance of managers
• Take corrective action for improvement
• Watch changes – internal, external
 Disseminator
• Inform employees about change
• Communicate employees- vision, purpose
 Spokesperson
• Advertising campaign
• Inform local community
 III. Decisional
• Entrepreneur
• Disturbance handler
• Resource allocator
• negotiator
 Entrepreneur
• commit resources to develop innovative
services
• International expansion- new customer
 Disturbance handler
• Corrective action – unexpected problem
 Resource allocator
• Allocate resource among different
functions
• Set budgets
• Wage and salary administration
 negotiator
• Work with suppliers, distributors, labour
unions
• Work with other organizations,