Week 02 - Hello World

Tutorial 2 - HelloWorld Application: Introduction to C++ Programming
Outline
2.1
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application

Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application Introduction to C++ Code Constructing the HelloWorld Application Compilation Errors Wrap-Up
Copyright 19922005 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Objectives
In this tutorial, you will learn to:

Read C++ code. Write a C++ statement that displays a message on the screen. Compile a C++ application.
Execute an application.
Use escape sequences. Locate and correct syntax errors.
2.1
Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)
Figure 2.1
Locating the completed HelloWorld application.
Copyright 19922005 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19922004
2.1
Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)
Figure 2.2 Running the completed HelloWorld application.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application

Projects Large applications can contain many projects
Solutions
Figure 2.3 Solutions can contain one or more projects.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Figure 2.4 New Project dialog. File > New > Project; Title Bar (displaying New Project) Templates: pane
Project Types: pane
Description of project selected in Templates: pane

Default project and solution name
Location of the new project (your location may be different)
Updated project and solution name
Updated project location
Browse button
SimplyCpp directory (selected)
Open button

New HelloWorld Solution Folder
New HelloWorld Project Folder with C++ Source File

Figure 2.9 Solution Explorer window in Visual Studio .NET.
HelloWorld solution HelloWorld project Source Files folder
New Solution
Named HelloWorld
New Project
Named HelloWorld
2.2 Compiling and Running the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Download HelloWorld.cpp to your new HelloWorld Project Folder. Right-click HelloWorld.cpp file and select properties. Under General Tab uncheck Read-only.
HelloWorld project folder
HelloWorld.cpp file (selected)
2.2 Compiling and Running the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

In Visual Studio Project Pane, right-click source folder and select Add Existing Item.

Figure 2.11 Solution Explorer window after adding HelloWorld.cpp.
HelloWorld. cpp file

Before Compiling Review .vcxproj files
located in the HelloWorld Project directory

VC++ Project Contains information regarding the project
HelloWorld.cpp file (selected)
VC++ Project

Compiling
Output Window

After Compiling Creates several files in multiple directories
Creates both object (.obj) and linked executable (.exe) files

.exe file is used to run application
Newly Created Debug folder (selected)


Figure 2.13 HelloWorld Project directory after compilation. HelloWorld project folder
Newly Created Debug folder (selected)
After compiling, a newly created HelloWorld project Debug directory contains the object file. The Object file contains the Object code created by compiler.

The Object file contains the Object (i.e., the Machine) code created by the compiler. HelloWorld
project folder
Debug folder Object File (selected)

After compiling, the HelloWorld solution Debug directory contains the executable file.
HelloWorld solution folder
HelloWorld project
Solution Debug folder
Solution (.sln) file
Figure 2.14
Examining the contents of the Debug directory.
Newly created .exe file
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) Run the application from the console window.
Running the application from Visual Studio
In addition to the application not producing any output, what is the difference?
2.3
Introduction to C++ Code
Figure 2.16 HelloWorld applications C++ source code in Visual Studio .NET.
2.3
Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)
Figure 2.17 Examining comments in the HelloWorld applications C++ source code in Visual Studio .NET.
Full-line comments
Comments
Begin with two forward slashes // Improve readability Explain code
Full-line comments End-of-line comments
Compiler ignores comments
2.3
Figure 2.18

Preprocessor directive (pass 1).
Preprocessor directive
Preprocessor (i.e., Compiler Directives) Processes lines beginning with a pound sign # Processed before the source code is compiled (pass 2) <iostream> Tells Preprocessor to include console window input/ output code Forgetting to include iostream in a program that uses input or output is an error
2.3
Figure 2.19
using directive. using directive
using directive
Specifies std (standard) namespace Accesses C++ Standard Library Advance C++ feature. Allows names to be qualified You can find this variable name in this space (std). Nice feature if name is duplicated in another library.
Analogy: Your first and last name. Typically you are only called by your first name but to remove ambiguity, if required you may be called by your first and last name.
2.3
Figure 2.20 Function main header
main function definition.
Exiting the function using return
Function main Entry point of every C++ program Returns an integer
return
0 indicates successful termination
2.3
Structure of function main Declare return type (int etc.) Start with left brace { Body of the function End with right brace }
2.4
Constructing the HelloWorld Application
C++ is case sensitive Using incorrect capitalization for identifiers and keywords is an error C++ applications input / output data Input Certain C++ input comes from cin (standard input stream object). cin >> myVariable; Usually tied to keyboard but can be tied to other devices Output Often output to cout (standard output stream object) cout << "HelloWorld"; Usually tied to monitor but can be tied to other devices
2.4
Constructing the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Inserting a C++ statement that displays text when executed.
Figure 2.21
Displaying a message
Executable statement
Compiler generates machine code to perform an action

Stream insertion operator << Outputs a stream of characters to the screen Binary operator (i.e., it operates on two operands)
Semicolon (;)
Statement terminator Forgetting the semicolon at the end of a statement is an error
2.4
Operators Special characters in C++ that perform operations Binary and unary
Addition operator (+), subtraction operator (-) and multiplication operator (*) are examples of C++ operators
Unary operators Operators that require only one operand such as the preincrement operator (++) Binary operators Operators such as multiplication (*) or division (/) that require two operands to perform their operation String A sequence of characters
2.4
In Section 2.4 your textbook has you run the Welcome application using the start without debugging (shortcut ctrlF5) command. This command is no longer supported in VisualStudio 2010. While you can turn the ctrl-F5 command back ON, I will step you through some alternative solutions.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) Run the application from the console window.
Now Run the application from Visual Studio
Unlike running the application from the console window Visual Studio simply opens the console window runs the program and closes it again. Lets look at some solutions to this problem.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) In this solution we simply add #include<conio.h> to the include list and place getch(); just before the return statement. Include console I/O library
header file.
Insert getch() instruction without an argument.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) Build your solution (F7) and the start debugging (F5).
Your Hello World message is displayed.
Press any key to run the return statement and close the console window.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) In this solution we add a breakpoint just before the return statement. Click here to turn Breakpoint
ON and OFF
A breakpoint tells the debugger to stop simulation of the program before running this line of code. To set a breakpoint select the line and Debug > Toggle Breakpoint (F9) or simply click in the column where the breakpoint is shown.
2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.) Start debugging (F5).
Your Hello World message is displayed.
Press any key to run the return statement and close the console window.

Selecting Continue (F5) the simulation runs the return statement ending the program and closing the console window.
2.4
String literals
Compiler does not ignore whitespace characters
Splitting a statement in the middle of a string is a syntax error
Escape Sequences
How you send a control character or a printable character that is not on the keyboard. Escape character is backslash \
Allows escape sequences to be read by compiler inside string literals
2.4

Description
Escape Sequence \n
Newline. Positions the screen cursor at the beginning of the next line. Horizontal tab. Moves the screen cursor to the next tab stop. Carriage return. Positions the screen cursor at the beginning of the current line; does not advance to the next line. Alert. Sounds the system bell. Backslash. Used to print a backslash character. Double quote. Used to print a double quote character.
\t \r \a \\ \"
Figure 2.23
Escape sequences.
2.4

Outp ut Welcome to C++! Welcome to C++!
Sta te me nt cout << "Welcome\nto\nC++!";
cout << "Welcome to C++!\a\a\a"; cout << "Use \\n for a newline."; cout << "\"This is quoted text.\""; cout << "\tWelcome to C++!"; cout << "Welcome \rto C++!";
(followed by three beeps)

Use \n for a newline. "This is quoted text." Welcome to C++! to C++!
Figure 2.24
Esc a p e seq uenc e exa mp les.
2.4

HelloWorld application using multiple stream insertion operators.
Figure 2.25
Multiple stream insertion operators
Stream insertion operators resume printing where previous statement has stopped When breaking up lengthy statements, choose logical break points such as escape sequences, etc.
Figure 2.26 HelloWorld application output. Note missing space.
2.4
Figure 2.27 Inserting newlines.

Appending a newline to displayed text
HelloWorld.cpp (1 of 1)
Define the main function Print a HelloWorld message
Full line comments describe the applications purpose
Include the <iostream> header file
using directive provides access to the std namespace
Exit the application
HelloWorld application using a newline character
2.5
Debugging
Compilation Errors
Process of locating and removing errors Compilation errors Compiler detects errors in code Syntax errors Logic Errors Cause applications to produce erroneous results Can be fixed using a debugger
2.5
Figure 2.30
Compilation Errors (Cont.)
Output window listing a syntax error.
Missing semicolon at the end of the statement preceding return
2.5
Figure 2.32 Introducing two syntax errors into your code.
Two syntax errors
Creating syntax errors Delete n in the last escape sequence in line 10 Capitalize r in return
2.5
Figure 2.33
Syntax error messages generated by the compiler.
Double-click line in the output window to have marker placed next to the line with the error in the source code
Description of the errors including file name and line number
Lab and Homework Assignment

Tutorial 2 HelloWorld Application. Turn in annotated source file with your own comments. Answer and Turn-in Tutorial 2 Questions at the end of the Chapter. Always write the question followed by the answer. Remember to highlight the answer. Due next Wednesday

Week 02 - Hello World

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Tutorial 2 - HelloWorld Application: Introduction to C++ Programming

Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application

In this tutorial, you will learn to:

Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Locating the completed HelloWorld application.

Test-Driving the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Figure 2.2 Running the completed HelloWorld application.

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Project Types: pane

Description of project selected in Templates: pane

Location of the new project (your location may be different)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Updated project and solution name

Updated project location

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

SimplyCpp directory (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

New HelloWorld Project Folder with C++ Source File

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

HelloWorld solution HelloWorld project Source Files folder

2.2 Compiling and Running the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

HelloWorld.cpp file (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

HelloWorld. cpp file

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

located in the HelloWorld Project directory

HelloWorld.cpp file (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Creates both object (.obj) and linked executable (.exe) files

Newly Created Debug folder (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Newly Created Debug folder (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Debug folder Object File (selected)

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Solution Debug folder

Solution (.sln) file

2.2 Compiling and Running the Template HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Examining the contents of the Debug directory.

Newly created .exe file

Running the application from Visual Studio

Introduction to C++ Code

Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)

Compiler ignores comments

Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)

Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)

using directive. using directive

Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)

main function definition.

Exiting the function using return

Function main Entry point of every C++ program Returns an integer

Introduction to C++ Code (Cont.)

Constructing the HelloWorld Application

Constructing the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Compiler generates machine code to perform an action

Constructing the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Constructing the HelloWorld Application (Cont.)

Now Run the application from Visual Studio

Insert getch() instruction without an argument.

Your Hello World message is displayed.