Automatic Railway Gate Control System

abstract

The aim of this project is to Automate unmanned railway gate using mechatronics. PROJECT DEFINATION: The objective of this project is to manage the control system of railway gate using the microcontroller.

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to manage the control system of railway gate using the microcontroller. When train arrives at the sensing point alarm is triggered at the railway crossing point so that the people get intimation that gate is going to be closed.

AT89C51 Microcontroller: The Micro controller (AT89C51) is a low power; high performance CMOS 8-bit micro controller with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

KeilMicro vision Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment:

Keil Software development tools for the 8051 micro controller family support every level of developer from the professional applications engineer to the student just learning about embedded software development. The source code is written in assembly language .It is saved as ASM file with an extension. The Hex file is dumped into micro controller using LABTOOL software. At once the file is dumped and the ROM is burnt then it becomes an embedded one.

Step Motor Advantages: Step motors convert electrical energy into precise mechanical motion. These motors rotate a specific incremental distance per each step. In motor terms, repeatability is the ability to return to a previously held position. A step motor can achieve the same target position, revolution after revolution.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM
IR 1 Txr
STEPPER MOTOR1

ALERM

Signals for Road

IR2 Rxr

8 0 5 1
MICRO CONTROLLER

L293 BUFFER

IR1 Rxr

DC MOTOR2

Signals for Train

IR2 Txr

POWE R SUPPL Y

INTRODUCTION ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

An Embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function. The common design requirement include Processing power Memory Development cost Number of Units Expected Lifetime Reliability

Memory

Inputs

Processor

Outputs

HARDWARE DISCRIPTION

STEPER MOTOR. Construction and Operating the Hybrid STEP MOTOR.

CAPACITORS:An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor typically

with a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types, making them valuable in relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits.

IR CIRCUITS:This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver

unit. The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated circuitry.

IR TRANSMITTER:The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the

transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multivibrator is used. Infrared LED is driven through transistor BC 548.

IR RECEIVER:The

receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated circuitry. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED.

POWER SUPPLY: To run the electronic gadget at home it is provided by some power supply. The microcontroller used (at89c51) requires 12v D.C supply.

For design of a regulated power supply components used are:

Transformer. Diodes. Rectifiers. Regulated IC chips. Capacitive filters.

SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION
Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support every level of software developer from the professional applications engineer to the student just learning about embedded software development.

Select the Toolset (only required for ARM Projects). Create Project File and Select CPU. Project Workspace - Books. Create New Source Files. Add Source Files to the Project. Create File Groups. Set Tool Options for Target Hardware. Configure the CPU Startup Code. Build Project and Generate Application Program Code. Create a HEX File for PROM Programming.

KEIL MICROVISION
-An IDE for Microcontrollers

Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support every level of software developer from the professional applicat ions engineer to the student just learning about embedded software development The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems facing embedded software developers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hence the Unmanned railway gates operate according to the data input from sensors to microcontroller. First an alarm is triggered and then the gate is operated.

Specifications: Mechanical gate arrangement Atmel 89C51 an 8051 family microcontroller SN7404 for microcontroller interfacing. IR sensors for sensing train Stepper motor to operate gates ULN 2803 for driving Stepper motor

QUEIRIES