The Basics of Maintenance

in General Aviation




U.S. Department
of Transportation




Federal Aviation
Administration
Basics of Maintenance
In General Aviation
for Pilots and Technicians
FAA-Flight Standards Division
2300 E. Devon Ave
Des Plaines, IL 60018
Tel: 847-294-7623
FAX 847-294-8001
Aviation Safety Program Manager
Airworthiness Representative
Richard Mileham
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Web Address


Richard.Mileham@faa.gov
6
OBJECTIVE
This presentation is designed to provide
aviators with information concerning
aircraft maintenance and preventative
maintenance.
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MAINTENANCE
Ensure the Airworthiness
of the Aircraft
8
FEDERAL AVIATION
REGULATIONS (FARs)
FAR Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviations
FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance, Rebuilding and
Alterations
FAR Part 91: General Operating Rules
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FAR Part 1
Definition of......
Preventive Maintenance: simple or
minor preservation operations and the
replacement of small standard parts
not involving complex assembly
operations.
What is maintenance?
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Definitions continued
Maintenance: is;
*Inspections
-Overhaul
4Repair
^Preservation and
=Replacement of Parts
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FAR Part 91, Subpart E
General Operating
and
Flight Rules
TOOLS
13
Maintenance Regulations in
FAR Part 91
The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the
maintenance regulations for owners and
operators.
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Who is responsible for the
Airworthiness of the Aircraft
N1202
15
For FAR Part 91
General Aviation Operations, the
Owner or Operator is Primarily
Responsible
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Part 91 continued
Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or
operator is primarily responsible for
maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy
condition.
This includes compliance with Part 39.
FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness
Directives.
17
Part 91 continued
FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may
perform maintenance, preventive
maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft
other than prescribed in this subpart, and
other applicable regulations, including
Part 43.
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7Aircraft that have been certificated
in the Experimental Category.
Did you know................
All U.S. registered aircraft are
required to be maintained in
accordance with the Federal Aviation
Regulation Part 43 except for one
category of aircraft.
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Part 91 continued
FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph
(b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall
ensure that maintenance personnel make
appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance
records indicating the aircraft has been
approved for return to service.
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Part 91 continued
FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may
operate any aircraft that has undergone
maintenance, preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, or alteration unless it has been
approved for return to service by a person
authorized under Part 43.7 and .................
21
Part 91 continued
the maintenance record entry
required by FAR 43.9 has been
made.
FAR 91 requires maintenance
to be performed in accordance with
FAR 43
Lets take a look at the
requirements of FAR 43
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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized
Paragraph (g) states that a holder of a
pilot certificate may perform
preventive maintenance on any
aircraft owned or operated by that
pilot.
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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized
continued
Provided the aircraft is not being
used under FAR Part 121, 127, 129,
or 135.
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Remember what FAR
91.405 & 91.407 stated
about maintenance
records?
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If maintenance is performed, it
must be entered in a maintenance
record and approved for return to
service by a person authorized.
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FAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to
Approve for Return to Service
Paragraph (f) states a person holding at
least a private pilot certificate may
approve an aircraft for return to service
after performing preventive
maintenance
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FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition
of Preventive Maintenance Records
Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states each
person who performs preventive
maintenance shall make an entry in the
maintenance record of that equipment
containing the following:
A description of the work performed.
gThe date of completion
@Total Aircraft Time = TAT
jYour signature, certificate number,
and kind of certificate.
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ie.
Private Pilot =PP#123456789
Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789
ATP = ATP #123456789
.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE


01/21/98
TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating .
Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
replacement of tire. Sec:.....
Par:.....etc.
.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP #123456789
TachTime
(Optional)

Airframe Log Book
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Lets take a look at
what types of
preventive
maintenance
you are
authorized to
perform!
Powerplant
replacing any hose
connection except;
hydraulic connections
Removing, checking, and
replacing magnetic chip
detectors, and Replacing
any cowling,
Unless `

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Removal of the prop
is required to get the nose
bowl off
UNLESS
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Powerplant continued
replacing prefabricated fuel lines
cleaning or replacing fuel and oil
strainer or filters
replacing or cleaning spark plugs and
setting gap
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Landing Gear
landing gear tires, servicing struts
wheel bearings
safety wire or cotter keys
lubrication, not requiring disassembly
replacing wheels and skis where no
W&B is involved

Did you say that as a Pilot,
I can change my own tires ??
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Fuselage & Interior
Replenishing hydraulic fluid
Replacing side windows ??
Repairing upholstery
Replacing safety belts
Replacing seats or seat parts
39
Fuselage & Interior
continued
Replacing & servicing batteries
Electrical
Trouble shooting and repairing broken
circuits in landing light wiring
WReplacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses or
position or landing lights
41
General Preventive Maintenance
Items
simple fabric patches
refinishing decorative coatings
applying preservative or protective materials
making simple repairs to fairings,
nonstructural items
General Preventive Maintenance
Items continued
installation of anti
misfueling devices
replacement or adjustment of nonstruc-
tural fasteners

43
Primary Category Aircraft
Inspection and maintenance tasks for
your aircraft provided you have at least
a private pilots license, you are the
registered owner, and work is
performed in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
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This information can be found in
FAR Part 43 Appendix A
Paragraph (c), Preventive
Maintenance states in part :
Preventive Maintenance is limited to
the aforementioned work, provided it
does not involve complex assembly
operations.
Airworthiness Certificate
7 .
6
VOID
Airworthiness Certificate
Block 6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked,
or a termination date is otherwise established by
the Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is
effective as long as the maintenance, preventive
maintenance, and alterations are performed in
accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and
the aircraft is registered in the United States.
Sample Log Entries

Sample Log Entries
&
FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)
(English Version)

Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98
Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 Hrs
Serial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 Hrs
Eng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 Hrs
Cessna 172 Service Manual is Available.

Maintenance Scenario
FAR 43.9, FAR 91.417
___
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the
Right main landing gear Tire
and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Private Pilot,
A&P Mechanic or Repairman
Certificate # 123456789



50
.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE



51
.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE


01/21/98
TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating.
Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
replacement of tire. Sec:.....
Par:.....etc.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP #123456789
Airframe Log Book
Tach Time
(Optional)

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Maintenance Scenario
FAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98
Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 Hrs
Serial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 Hrs
Eng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 Hrs
Cessna 172, and Lycoming Service Manual is Available, and AC 43.13-1A, .

______________________________________________________
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the
Spark Plugs, and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Pilot, Mechanic,
or Repairman
Cert #123456789



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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE
LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

Removed and Replaced all spark plugs,
installed 8 new Champion REM1234 spark plugs
in accordance with Lycoming service
instructions
Used anti seize compound on threads and
torqued to specifications as stated in service
manual, Eng run and Mag check OK.
Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP#123456789
01/21/98
Eng: TT:2,762Hrs
SMOH:962 Hrs
Tach: 962 Hrs
(optional)

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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE
LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE



04/21/98 Changed oil Added 8 Quarts of Aeroshell
Engine TT
2,762 Hrs.
SMOH
962 Hrs.
50 compounded Oil
Removed & Inspected oil screen and re-installed
in accordance with service manual
Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good

PP # 123456789
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Remember
Produced for
Airworthiness Safety Program Manager