PRESENTATION ON

Project Guide Mr. Shivendra kaura

Presented By Ankit srivastava(0809020019) Anurag Tiwari(0809020026) Ashish verma (0809020031) Buddha prakash (0809020034)

INTRODUCTION

Power instability in developing countries creates the need for automation of phase selection or alternative sources of power to back-up the utility supply .

Most industrial and commercial applications are

dependent on power supply . if the process of changeover is manual, not only considerable time is wasted but also the device or machine may get damaged from human error during the changeover connections, incurring massive losses.

 Digital phase selector that can be installed in residential and office premises where single-phase equipment are used. When any of the mains phase lines fails, it automatically selects the available phase line (out of three phase lines or backup lines).

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

It comprises phase (or inverter) sensing, control logic and relay driver sections . The phase-sensing circuitry has R,Y,B and inverter sensing sections, which sense the presence of R,Y,B and inverter supply, respectively. The control logic circuitry decides the phase priority for one out of four lines .

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The order of phase priority is R-phase followed by Y-phase , B-phase and then backup (inverter )as shown in the truth table given below . The relay-driver section drives the relay according to the signal received from the control logic circuitry . Power supply provides the power to control the logic circuit and relay driver sections.

TRUTH TABLE

Explanation of control logic

The control logic circuit comprises NOT gate, AND gate, diodes and a few passive components. It is basically a priority encoder and works according to the truth table. If an input variable is at logic 0 it means that particular phase (line) is absent in the phase selector .

If an input variable is at logic 0 it means that particular phase (line) is absent in the phase selector . if an input variable is at logic 1 that particular phase (line) is present in the phase selector.

Components Used
Inverter Circuits (CD4069UBC)
The CD4069UB consists of six inverter circuits and is manufactured using complementary MOS (CMOS) to achieve wide power supply operating range, low power consumption, high noise immunity, and symmetric controlled rise and fall times.

Features:
Wide supply voltage range: 3.0V to 15V High noise immunity: 0.45 VDD type

DIODE
This is a junction Diode. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the p-type material (cathode) and the negative terminal to the N-type material (Anode), a large current will flow. If the connections are reversed, a very little current will flow.

RELAY
Relay is a common, simple application of electromagnetism. It uses an electromagnet made from an iron rod wound with hundreds of fine copper wire. When electricity is applied to the wire, the rod becomes magnetic. A movable contact arm above the rod is then pulled toward the rod until it closes a switch contact. When the electricity is removed, a small spring pulls the contract arm away from the rod until it closes a second switch contact. By means of relay, a current circuit can be broken or closed in one circuit as a result of a current in another circuit.

RESISTANCE
Resistance is the opposition of a material to the current. It is measured in Ohms (W). All conductors represent a certain amount of resistance, since no conductor is 100% efficient. To control the electron flow (current) in a predictable manner, we use resistors. Electronic circuits use calibrated lumped resistance to control the flow of current. Broadly speaking, resistor can be divided into two groups viz. fixed & adjustable (variable) resistors. In fixed resistors, the value is fixed & cannot be varied. In variable resistors, the resistance value can be varied by an adjuster knob. It can be divided into (a) Carbon composition (b) Wire wound (c) Special type. The most common type of resistors used in our projects is carbon type. The resistance value is normally indicated by colour bands. Each resistance has four colours, one of the band on either side will be gold or silver, this is called fourth band and indicates the tolerance, others three band will give the value of resistance. COLOURS CODE Black 0 Brown 1 Red 2 Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Grey 8 White 9

Conclusion
As we are making a DIGITAL PHASE CHANGER this presentation gives the introduction of the components we are using in our project and describes the concept of the project.