Self and Mutual Inductances

Next

Topics to be Discussed

Self Inductance. Mutual Inductance. Magnetic Coupling. Coefficient of Coupling (k). Sign of Mutual Voltage. Dot Convention. Coupled Coils in Series. Coupled Coils in Parallel. Measurement of M.
Ch. 8 DC Transients

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

Self Inductance

It is the property of a coil, due to which an emf is induced in itself whenever there is a change in the current flowing through it. The self-induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of current, di di e or eL dt dt

The constant L is called the coefficient of self inductance or simply inductance.

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

The SI unit of inductance is henry (H). For a linear inductor, the magnitude of inductance is independent of the magnitude of current. An air-cored inductor is linear. When iron is used as core, the inductor becomes nonlinear.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Energy stored in an Inductor :

1 2 W LI 2
Inductance from Geometrical Viewpoint :

N 2 A L l

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Example 1

A coil of 150 turns is linked with a flux of 0.01 Wb when carrying a current of 10 A. Calculate the inductance of the coil. If this current is uniformly reversed in 0.01 s, calculate the emf induced
0.01 L N 150 0.15 H I 10
di 10 (10) e L 0.15 300 V dt 0.01

Click

Solution :

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Example 2

An air-cored solenoid with length 30 cm and internal diameter 1.5 cm has a coil of 900 turns wound on it. Estimate its inductance. Also, calculate the amount of energy stored in it when the current through the coil rises from 0 to 5 A.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Solution :
Cross-sectional area of the solenoid,
Click
4 2

A r (0.75 10 ) 1.77 10 m
2

2 2

Click

N 2 0 A (900 ) 2 4 10 7 (1.77 10 4 ) L 0.6 mH l 0.30

The energy stored,

Click

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Example 3

The resistance and inductance of a coil are 3 and 0.1 mH, respectively. What potential difference exists across the terminals of this coil at the instant when the current is 1 A, but increasing at the rate of 10 000 A per second ?

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

Solution :
The potential difference across the coil will be due to the drop across its resistance as well as the emf induced in the inductance. Thus,

di 3 10 000 V iR L 1 3 0.110 4 V dt 1

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

10

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
When interchange of energy takes place between two circuits, we say that the two circuits are mutually coupled.

Conductively coupled circuits.

Friday, April 20, 2012 Ch. 8 DC Transients

Electrostatically coupled circuits.

Next
11

Magnetically Coupled Circuits

A part of magnetic flux produced by a coil in one circuit interlinks with the coil in other circuit. Energy may be transferred from one circuit to the other through the medium of magnetic flux that is common to both circuits.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

12

 When current in one coil changes, there occurs a change in the flux linking with the other. As a result, there is an induced emf in the other coil,

di1 e2 dt

or

di1 e2 M dt

The constant of proportionality M is called coefficient of mutual inductance, or simply mutual inductance.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

13

 A circuit element called mutual inductor does not exist. It is defined with reference to two pairs of terminals. The physical device whose operation is based inherently on mutual inductance is called transformer.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

14

Magnetic Coupling

Current i1 flowing in coil establishes a total magnetic flux 1. Only a part of this flux, 12, links with the coil. The remaining flux 11 is confined to coil itself. Thus, 1 = 11 + 12.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

15

The emf induced in coil due to the current i1 is given as

d12 e2 N 2 dt

Also,

di1 e2 M dt
or d12 M 12 N 2 di1

di1 d12 M 12 N2 dt dt

Similarly, the expression for mutual inductance from coil to coil is

M 21
Friday, April 20, 2012

d21 N1 di2
Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

16

Mutual Inductance from Geometrical Viewpoint :

kN2 N1A M M 21 M 12 l

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

17

Coefficient of Coupling (k)

It is a measure of how close is the coupling between two coils. It gives an idea of what portion of the flux produced by one coil links with the other coil. The flux that links with the coil is only a part of 1. That is, 12 k1 where 0 k 1.
Ch. 8 DC Transients

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

18

If k = 1, the coils are tightly coupled. The entire flux produced in one coil links with the other If k = 0, the coils are magnetically isolated. It can be shown that
k M L1L2

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

19

Example 4

A solenoid consists of 2000 turns of wire wound on a length of 70 cm. A search coil of 500 turns having a mean area of 30 cm2 is placed centrally inside the solenoid. Assuming k = 1, calculate

(a) the mutual inductance, and (b) the emf induced in the search coil if the current in the solenoid uniformly changes at a rate of 260 A/s.
Ch. 8 DC Transients

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

20

Solution :

Click

kN1 N 2 A (a) M l 1 2000 500 4 10 7 30 10 4 5.38 mH 0.70

di1 (b) e2 M dt 5.38 10 3 260 1.4 V

Click

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

21

Example 5

The numbers of turns in two coupled coils are 600 and 1700, respectively. When a current of 6 A flows in the second coil, the total magnetic flux produced in this coil is 0.8 mWb, and the flux that links with the first coil is only 0.5 mWb. Calculate L1, L2, k and M.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

22

Solution : 2 0.8 103 L2 N 2 1700 0.226 H I2 6

Click

21 0.5 103 k 0.625 3 2 0.8 10

Click

Since the self-inductance of a coil is proportional to the square of number of turns, Click N12 (600) 2 L1 L2 2 0.226 0.028 H 2 N2 (1700)

M k L1 L2 0.625 0.028 0.226 0.05 H

Friday, April 20, 2012 Ch. 8 DC Transients

Click

Next

23

DOT CONVENTION

Note that the voltage due to mutual inductance is present independently of and in addition to any voltage due to self-induction. In other words, the voltage across the terminals of coil is composed of two terms,

di1 di2 v1 L1 M dt dt
Similarly,

di2 di1 v2 L2 M dt dt
Ch. 8 DC Transients 24

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

Sign of Mutual Voltage

The sign depends not only on the current directions, but also on the way the two coils are wound. Dot convention is a convenient way of determining the sign of mutual voltage, without going into the physical construction of the two coils.

The existence of mutual coupling between two coils is indicated by a double-headed arrow.
Ch. 8 DC Transients

Friday, April 20, 2012

Next

25

DOT CONVENTION
A current entering the dotted terminal of one coil produces an open-circuit voltage which is positively sensed at the dotted terminal of the second coil.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

26

(a)

(b)

(c)
Friday, April 20, 2012 Ch. 8 DC Transients

(d)
Next
27

Fig. (a) is equivalent to Fig. (d), and Fig. (b) is equivalent to Fig. (c)

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

28

COUPLED COILS IN SERIES

There are two ways of connecting two coupled coils in series. Current flowing in the series combination may produce the two fluxes either in the same direction (series aiding),

Lsa L1 L2 2M

or in the opposite direction (series opposing)

Lso L1 L2 2M

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

29

COUPLED COILS IN PARALLEL

1.

Parallel aiding combination,

L1 L2 M 2 L pa L1 L2 2M

2.

Parallel opposing combination,

L1 L2 M L po L1 L2 2M
2

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

30

Measurement of M
Lsa Lso M 4

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

31

Review

Self Inductance. Mutual Inductance. Magnetic Coupling. Coefficient of Coupling (k). Sign of Mutual Voltage. Dot Convention. Coupled Coils in Series. Coupled Coils in Parallel. Measurement of M.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Ch. 8 DC Transients

Next

32