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In two dimensions, it is necessary to use vector notation to describe physical quantities with both magnitude and direction. In this chapter, we define displacement, velocity and acceleration as vectors in two dimensions.
While measuring velocity, there are two ways you can specify it.
Average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Average Velocity
S T
Average Velocity: The displacement is 0, since she ended up back where she started. The total time was 7 seconds. The average velocity was 0 divided by 7, or 0 m/s.
Despite the trip moving at various speeds, because it ended up at the starting point, the average velocity was zero. This will always be true when the final displacement is zero.
S dS lim T dT t 0
A bullet fired in space is traveling in a straight line and its equation of motion is given by S = 4t + 6t2. If it travels for 15 seconds before impact, find the instantaneous velocity at the 10th second.
We know the equation of motion given by : S = 4t + 6t2 The instantaneous velocity is given by :
dS dT
(t = 10).
instantaneous velocity you must calculate the derivative of displacement with respect to time and substitute t = 10.
ACCELERATION
The rate of change of velocity over time. Unit : meter per second (m/s2)
Average Acceleration Ratio between the change in velocity and the time interval
v a t
v dv lim t dt t 0
Opening speed = 50 Final = 10 Time = 5 Acceleration = (10 - 50)/5 = -40/5 a = -8 m/s^2... Negative sign indicates deceleration of diver.
d 2x = dt 2
d 2x a 2 dt
It is the second derivatives of the position respect to time
For the given function, determine the instantaneous acceleration for the object movement at a time of 4.3 s. f(t) = 15t3 + 13t2 + 14t + 16
Given f(t) = 15t3 + 13t2 + 14t + 16 Differentiate the given function with respect to t
df = 3(15t2) + 2 (13t) + 14 dt
It can be represented by V = df dt So, V = 45t2 + 26t + 14 Differentiate the velocity equation with the respect to t
To determine the instantaneous acceleration at a time of 4.3 s So, t = 4.3 s Apply the t = 3.1 s in the acceleration equation, then we get Acceleration (t) = 90t + 26