Mechanics of Machines

MBB2072 Lecture 13 Mark Ovinis

dwell

rise

rise

rise

fall

fall

fall

fall

dwell

dwell

Overview

Cam Motion Cam in an Engine Valve Categories of Cam & Cam Followers Prescribed Follower Motion Follower Motion Scheme Cam Design: Graphical Method Cam Design: Analytical Method Pressure Angle Geneva Mechanism

Geneva Mechanism
The Geneva drive is a mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion. It is an intermittent gear where the drive wheel has a pin that reaches into a slot of the driven wheel and thereby advances it by one step. The drive wheel also has a raised circular blocking disc that locks the driven wheel in position between steps.

Follower Motion Scheme

Constant Velocity Constant Acceleration Harmonic Motion Cycloidal Motion

Influence of Cam Shape

Shape of cam
Follower shape Follower position

Follower acceleration

Stress

Follower Force

Vibration

Cam Shapes

Constant Velocity
s
Constant velocity throughout the Rise distance H follower rise. Impractical for Time, t machines to Time period for rise T change velocity ds H instantly (infinite v dt T acceleration) at start and end of rise.

Constant Velocity
v
H v T
Infinite acceleration implies infinite force. Might be practical for low cam speed applications where the force magnitudes in starting and ending the rise do not affect performance.

Constant Acceleration
Also called parabolic motion

s
Rise distance H

2H vmax T

Constant acceleration to reach vmax and then constant deceleration to a stop.

Constant Acceleration
2 H2 H vmaxmax v T T
vmax 2H T

Abrupt change in acceleration at the middle and end of rise. These will cause undesirable inertial force and thus vibration. Only suitable for low cam speed.

4H a 2 T
vmax 2H T

4H a 2 T

Generating Displacement Diagram Graphically

for Constant Acceleration Follower Motion Scheme

Example 9-4
A cam drive is required for a mechanism that feeds papers into a printing press. The cam follower must rise outwards 1.0 in. with constant acceleration for 1.7 s,dwell for 0.8 s, fall 0.5 in. with constant acceleration in 0.8 s, dwell for 0.3 s, fall 0.5 in. with constant acceleration in 0.8 s and then repeat the sequence. Determine the required speed of the cam and graphically plot a follower displacement diagram.

Follower Motion
Rise 1.0 in.
Dwell Fall 0.5 in. Dwell Fall 0.5 in.

1.7 s
0.8 s 0.8 s 0.3 s 0.8 s

139.1
65.5 65.5 24.5 65.5

Constant Acceleration

Constant Acceleration

Constant Acceleration

One cycle

4.4 s

360

Cam speed = 1 rev/4.4 s = 13.6 rpm

Constant Acceleration Rise

1.0 Follower displacement (in.)

0.5

0.85 Time (s)

1.7

Follower displacement (in.) 0.5 1.0

0 Time (s) 2.55 3.4 4.42

Harmonic Motion
s

vm ax

H
2T

Harmonic Motion
vm ax

H
2T

am ax

2H
2T 2

am in

2H 2T 2

Generating Displacement Diagram Graphically

for Harmonic Follower Motion Scheme

Follower Motion (Q9-7)

Rise 2.0 in.
Dwell Fall 2 in. Dwell One cycle

1.0 s
0.5 s 1s 1s 3.5 s

102.9
51.4 102.9 102.9 360

Harmonic Rise

Harmonic Fall

Cam speed = 1 rev/3.5 s = 17.1 rpm

Follower displacement (in.) 1.0 2.0

1.0

2.0

0 Time (s) 3.0

Follower displacement (in.) 1.0 2.0

1.0

2.0

0 Time (s) 3.0

Cycloidal Motion

2H vm ax T

Cycloidal Motion
2H vm ax T

am ax

2H T2

No sudden change in acceleration at the end of cycle.

am in

2H T2

Generating Displacement Diagram Graphically

for Cycloidal Follower Motion Scheme

Displacement Curves
Con-Vel Con-Acc

Harmonic

Cycloidal

Velocity Curves
Con-Vel Con-Acc

Harmonic

Cycloidal

Acceleration Curves
Con-Vel Con-Acc

Harmonic

Cycloidal

Comparison of Motion Schemes

Cons Veloc Cons Accel Harmonic Cycloid

Likely to be more difficult and costlier cam design & manufacturing Less forces on the follower
Smoother motion, less vibration More suitable for higher cam speed

Tutorial
Tut Week 9
7-26 7-36 Tut Week 10 9-6 9-8 9-37

Assignment
Assignment 3
6-25: Windshield Wiper Velocity Analysis 7-27: Compressor Linkage Acceleration Analysis 7-57: Lift Mechanism Acceleration Analysis Due 5pm Friday 30 March 2012.

Assignment 4

9-5 9-44

To be submitted by Friday, 6 April 2012