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A DSP Based On-line UPS

Role of UPS in daily life:


As an auxiliary power source in case of line outage, particularly useful to sensitive loads. Maintains quality of the power supply,i.e,eliminates harmonics.

Supplies power according to the load demand.

Among various UPS topologies, on-line UPS provides maximum protection to the loads against any utility power problem.

TYPICAL ON-LINE UPS


Block diagram:
STATIC BY -PASS POWER SOURCE RECTIFIER INVERTER CRITICAL LOAD

FILTER

BATTERY BATTERY BANK BANK

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION


Need for PWM: To control inverter switching. To realize desired output waveform. To minimize the harmonic content in the output wave. Mechanism of PWM:

Different PWM techniques


Analog PWM circuits. Using Micro-processors. With Digital Signal Processor chips.

Significance of using DSPs:


Sophisticated switching algorithm. Flexibility in configuration. No analog circuitry. Chance for up gradation.

DSP control of UPS systems.


Basic block diagram:
battery

battery charger inverter


o/p filter

surge filter

rectifier

User interface
Software communication

DSP controller

Internal architecture of DSP controller:


rms set value

50 Hz sine wave r.m.s Voltage compensator PWM inv. filter

5th harm
PI compensator
PI compensator

A/D

Real harmonic detector


Imaginary harmonic detector

5th harm.
rms voltage

Mathematically, a harmonic function to be eliminated is studied as fallows:


for eg; for a 5th harmonic, the signal correlation function for harmonic distortion waveform is written as,

Therefore considering the 3 phases a,b,c and calculating the average value of the distortion wave for real and imaginary parts seperately,we get,

and these amplitude components are applied to a PI compensator to generate a distortion correction signal, necessary to cancel out harmonics from o/p voltage. In the same way, any harmonic 7th,9th etc can be eliminated.

Merits of using DSP:


Software controllable. Remote monitoring. Network management. High execution speed (30 MIPS).

Algorithm for DSP processors is generally written in any language like C, C++ etc.

Flow chart for voltage control:


start V=output rms voltage S= set value

Yes
error=0 To PWM inverter

if V=S

No
Non zero error To PI compensator To PWM inverter

stop

DSPs vs. Microprocessors


1.Per cycle access: 1-8 instructions 1-4 instructions 2.Software compatibility: Can be linked with MATLAB Can be linked with GUI 3.Performance: Compound instructions RISC instructions perform perform multiple single operation. Operations. eg:multiply+load+modifies eg: add ,load or store. the address register. 4.SIMD: Limited SIMD features. No SIMD support. 5.Real time DSP chips used are TMC62X, Blackfin etc 5.Microprocessors used are P4,powerpc etc

Advantages of using DSP in UPSs:


High Reliability. Low dimensions. Precision. Interactive communication. Compact and sleek form factor.

Closing thoughts:

To include more intelligent systems in its architecture. Cutting the cost by making its use extensive. Increasing the efficiency of electronic components.

REFERENCES
1.DSP control of high-power feeding non-linear loads by Annette Von Jouanne & Prasad N.Enjeti ,from IEEE transactions on IE,vol 43,no.1,Feb 1996. 2.Digital Signal Processor based online UPS manual by www.cranessoftware.com 3.Power electronics Analysis design & applications by Ned Mohan, Tore M.Undeland,William.P.Robbins 4.Interfacing DSPs with high performance analog converters Jim Ryan 5.WEMPEC-25th anniversary review meeting ,R&D innovation center Eaton Corp. 6. 2004 Bores Signal Processing : web pages.. 7.Kenton Wilson, Berekely design technology Inc, Calif..USA.

Questions????

THANK YOU!!

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