Teachers Training Level 2 RECAP SESSION

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1 Indo-Bhutan Friendship Initiative

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer can be defined as an electronic device that can accept store and process data to produce the required result.

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BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER

The various benefits of computers are:

Speed Computers are very fast. Accuracy Computers are very accurate. If the input is right, they never make mistakes. Diligence Computers never get tired or bored of doing the same task continuously. They work in the same manner all the time. Storage A computer can store large amounts of information in its memory. Automation If a task has to be performed several times, the computer needs to be instructed only once and it automatically completes the task.

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COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

There are many areas where computers are used extensively in various fields ranging from making cartoon films to conducting space research. Computers are used in the following industries:
Hospitals- computers are used in medical diagnostic machines such as CAT scans and ultrasound, which provide doctors with analyzed results. Entertainment- Cartoon films are made with the help of computers. Computer technology is also used for adding special effects, especially in action films.
Examples of computer animated films are, Ice Age, Toy Story and Shrek.

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COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE (CONTD..)

Communication - Internet and e-mail are used by people to exchange information all over the world in a matter of minutes. Business and Industry - Organizations and business houses use computers to store data and information.

Publishing- Design and layout of newspapers and magazines can be done using the Desktop Publishing Software. Banking - Banks use computers for speedy calculations and accuracy.
Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) allow customers to withdraw cash and use other banking facilities through computers.

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COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE (CONTD..)

Education - Educators use computers to track grades and prepare notes.

Computers can be a useful teaching aid for supplementing classroom learning.

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Monitor

System Unit

Printer

Speaker

Mouse Keyboard

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WORKING OF A COMPUTER

Computers follow the basic principle of the Input-ProcessOutput (I-P-O) cycle. Input refers to data or instructions given to the computer. Output refers to the result given by the computer. Process refers to the work done by the computer to obtain the output.
Input Process Output

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INPUT DEVICES

The input is given to the computer by means of input devices. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Barcode reader, Web cam, and Microphone are some of the commonly used input devices.

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OUTPUT DEVICES

The system unit processes the input given to the computer and gives the output. This output can either be displayed on the monitor or printed on paper using a printer.

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MONITOR

The monitor looks like a television screen. It is also called Visual Display Unit (VDU) It is used to display information from the computer. There are coloured as well as black and white monitors. The monitor displays text and graphics.

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PRINTER

A printer is used for transferring data from the computer to the paper. There are colour printers as well as black and white printers. The different types of printers are Dot Matrix Printers, Inkjet Printer and Laser Printers

Dot Matrix Printer

Ink Jet Printer

Laser Printer

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SYSTEM UNIT

All the data storage and processing is done by the system unit. The system unit consists of various components. The components of the system unit are:
SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) Motherboard Disk drives and Memory cards Cables

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SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS )

Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronic power supply unit that incorporates a switching regulator. It gives power to all the components of a system. The SMPS has a small fan, called the exhaust fan, attached to it. This fan rotates as long as the computer is switched on. Its function is to cool the SMPS unit.

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MICROPROCESSOR OR CPU

The processing of data is done by the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is also called the microprocessor. It consists of three main components namely,
Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit Memory Unit

Control Unit

Input

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Output

Memory Unit

Backing Store

Working of the Central Processing Unit

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STORAGE CAPACITY

The number of characters that can be stored in a computer is called the storage capacity of the computer. A computer stores a variety of data and information in its memory, including numbers (0-9), alphabets (A-Z), symbols and other characters (#, {}, , ~, ^). A computer uses binary system to represent these characters. In a binary system, only two digits, 0 and 1, are used. The 0s and 1s in binary system are known as bits (binary digits). A Bit is the smallest unit of measurement of storage capacity. A set of eight bits is used to represent a character.
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STORAGE CAPACITY (CONTD...)

Bytes and kilobytes are used to measure the storage capacity of a computer.
8 bits 1024 bytes 1024 KB 1024 MB = = = = 1 byte 1KB (Kilobyte) 1MB (Megabyte) 1GB (Gigabyte)

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STORAGE MEDIA

Computers use two types of storage:

Internal storage External storage

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INTERNAL STORAGE MEDIA

The part of the system unit where your programs and other necessary information are stored is called internal storage. It is also called the main memory of the computer. The function of internal memory is as follows:
It stores the input data until the CPU is ready for processing. It acts as a working space (like a rough sheet of paper used for calculations). It stores the processing instructions. It stores the data, which is processed by the CPU and ready for output.

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EXTERNAL STORAGE MEDIA

This is also known as secondary storage.

Data stored in a secondary storage media is permanent.

The contents are not lost when the power is switched off. The most commonly used storage media are:
Hard disk CD (Compact Disc) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) USB Flash drive (Pen drive)

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HARD DISK

The external storage media fixed inside the system unit is called the hard disk . Whenever you save data in a computer, it is stored on a hard disk. The hard disk is used for storing large quantities of data. The storage capacity of a hard disk may vary from 40 GB to 320 GB.
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COMPACT DISC

Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)

CD-ROM is an optical storage device that has a huge storage capacity. The advantage of a CD-ROM is that the data present in it is less prone to damage. Being read only, the data present in a CD-ROM cannot be changed and is mainly used to store programs and multimedia applications. The storage capacity of most CD-ROMs is approximately about 650 MB.

Compact Disk Rewritable (CD-RW)

CD-RW is a rewritable optical disc format. CDs with CD-RW formats can be rewritten.

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DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC

The storage capacity of a DVD is higher than CD. Video, audio and data files can be stored in DVD. DVDs are recordable and rewritable just like CD. Data stored in DVD ROMs cannot be rewritten. DVD-RW is rewritable. The DVD disks are single sided and double sided. The double sided disk stores data on both sides of the disk. Whereas in a single sided disk data can be stored only in single side. The storage capacity of most DVD-RW & ROMs is approximately about 4 GB.

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SOFTWARE

A computer cannot do any job with just the hardware devices. It needs a set of commands to do some action. The set of instructions given to the computer is called a program. A set of programs is called Software. Software can be classified into two major types. They are:
Application Software System Software

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software is a type of software program written specifically to do a particular function. For example, Microsoft Word is a Word processor program used to create and edit useful documents.

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

System software is any computer software that manages and controls computer hardware so that application software can perform. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware to provide necessary services to work with the computer. Examples of system software include operating systems, assemblers, compilers, file management tools and system utilities.

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PROTECTING COMPUTER FROM VIRUS

A computer virus is a program that attaches itself to the executable files such as .COM and .EXE or the system areas of hard disk and zip disks and then makes copies of itself. Virus hinders the efficiency of a Computer. Viruses operate without being acknowledged by a computer user. Viruses cannot do any damage to the hardware. Viruses cannot melt down the CPU, burn down the hard drive or cause the monitor to explode.

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ANTIVIRUS

An Antivirus program provides a layer of security to protect the user computer from a computer virus and Trojan horses. To avoid virus infections in your computer, install the antivirus software from a well-known, reputable company and update it regularly. Anti-virus software is a program that scans your computers hard disk to detect viruses. If any virus is found, the anti-virus software removes the virus from your computer.

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ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE

Some of the Antivirus Software are:

Norton Antivirus VX 2000 McAfee Kaspersky Panda Antivirus F-Secure Anti-Virus

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PREVENTING VIRUSES

Some precautions to keep your computer free from virus:

Have at least one anti-virus program and use it regularly to check your computer for viruses. Update the anti-virus software program regularly to protect your computer from new viruses. Backup files regularly so that the damage is minimised if a virus attack does occur.

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GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER

Dos
Keep the computer in a cool, dry and dust-free environment. Make sure that the switches of system unit, monitor, and printer are in the OFF position before switching ON the main power. Switch off the monitor, system unit, and the printer, before switching off the main power supply. Clean the work area of the computer daily. Cover the system at the end of the day. Have enough space between the computer and the room walls for proper airflow. Clean your keyboard regularly.

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GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER (CONTD...)

Use a vacuum cleaner to collect the dust on the keyboard. Use a mouse pad for the mouse. If there is no mouse pad, then place the mouse on a clean flat surface.

Donts
Do not drink or eat near the computer. Do not allow direct sunlight to fall on your computer. Do not run any other electrical items in the surrounding area of the computer when it is switched ON. Do not try to open the monitor and touch the parts. Do not expose the mouse to excessive moisture. Do not strike the keys hard on the keyboard.

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GUIDELINES FOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUR COMPUTER (CONTD...)

Do not rest your hands on the keyboard. Do not keep anything on the keyboard. Do not use the keys after switching off the system. Do not pull or stretch the keyboard and mouse cables.

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Over To Windows Recap

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