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Effectiveness of Corrosion Inhibitors For Carbon Steel Pipelines in CO2 Environment

Dual Degree Project Stage 1 Presentation by Anand Rathi

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Corrosion In Pipelines
Presence of moisture, CO2 & H2S Depends on CO2, H2S, pH, temperature & flow velocity

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Why CO2 Corrosion?


Increased tendency to inject CO2 into oil mills to reduce the viscosity of oil and increase its oil production

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Corrosion Control
Corrosion-resistant alloys

Internal coated steel pipe with plastic or cement lining


Fiber glass reinforced plastic Other non-metals

Inhibitors

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Inhibitors
A substance which retards corrosion when added to an environment in small concentrations
Types Of Inhibitors Filming Neutralizer Scavenger

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SEM Images of Carbon Steel Pipelines

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Inhibitors in CO2 environment


Organic like amines, imidazolines & their salts Inhibitors used are usually film-forming amine salts

Why not Inorganic ? Treatment Frequency & Effectiveness not satisfactory

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Imidazolines
Long chain organic compounds with polar functional groups Mechanism in CO2 is not properly understood

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Why Imidazolines?
High molecular weight inhibitors have high adsorption efficiency Oleophilic hydrocarbon chain promotes formation of film Required concentration is less

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Factors affecting Imidazoline Performance


Concentration of Inhibitor Fluid Velocity & Flow Temperature Pre corrosion Product Composition

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Efficiency with concentration


*Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 5 (2010) 797 - 814

Efficiency increases with concentration of inhibitor

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Effect of Inhibitor Molecular structure


*Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 5 (2010) 797 - 814

Greater molecular structures made lower concentrations possible without loss of efficiency

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Performance of Inhibitor with Exposure time


*Corrosion Science 42 (2000) 1623-1634

Good Performance with longer exposure time Indicates inhibitor film becomes thicker & less porous with time

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Performance with Multiphase Flow


*Corrosion Science 44 (2002) 101-112

Gas in this region is in the form of pulse of bubbles Higher the Froude number , more thinner & porous films formed

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XPS Spectrum (a)full pipe flow(Fr No. 0) (b)slug flow(Fr No. 6)


*Corrosion Science 42 (2000) 1623-1634

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Effect of pre-corrosion
Corrosion Science 50 (2008) 24562464

Decreases Inhibitor Efficiency Interaction between corrosion products & inhibitor adsorption & film formation

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Methods of Inhibitor Application


Continuous Treatment Inhibitor is continuously injected to maintain an inhibitor conc. of 25 to 100 ppm in the fluid

Intermittent Treatment Pumping 10% inhibitors into water then well is shut down. Regular treatment from 3 to 6 months Squeeze Treatment Inhibitor solution displaced to bottom of well under high pressure followed by overflush of 200 to 500 barrels of oil or brine. Lasts anywhere from 3 months to 2 years

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Laboratory Testing of Inhibitors


Rotating Cage Test Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE) Jet Impingement Testing Static Test Rotating Disk Electrode Bubble Test Wheel Test Humidity Chambers

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Bubble Test

Rotating Cage

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Controllable Variables In Test

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Measuring Techniques
Weight Loss EIS Potentiodynamic Polarization Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) Electrochemical Noise Solution Analysis

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Field Evaluation
Weight Loss Coupons LPR Probes Mass Counts Pipeline Integrity Gauge (PIG) Field Signature Method (FSM) Visual Inspection Hydrogen Permeation Electrochemical Techniques

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Final Evaluation of Compatibility

Cost Environmental Issues Quality Control Emulsion Formation

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Corrosion Availability Philosophy


SPE 109209

98% efficiency in lab but long term field monitoring often indicates efficiencies of 90% or less Corrosion Availability summation of total metal loss over field life, assuming periods of inhibited & uninhibited corrosion Used by most of the operators but have not been presented in public domain

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BP Monitoring & Injection Method


Monitors with corrosion coupons & Electrical Resistance(ER) Probes ER probes take readings every 4 hrs of corrosion potential of fluids Make adjustments to corrosion inhibitor injection rates on weekly basis

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Injection Method
Inhibitors injected into pipelines by chemical injection skids Skids are prone to breakdown which is critical Developed highly reliable chemical injection system

Diagram of Inhibitor Injection Rates Powerpoint Templates Page 27

CO2 Corrosion Inhibition Challenges


Protection at high T & P Effect of complicated flow regimes Partitioning of inhibitor between oil & water phases Performance in presence of solids Compatibility with other chemicals Development of better test procedures for CI Develop environment friendly CI for high temperature fields

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Plan of Action
Pipeline samples - API X-42 & API X-46 Inhibitors Imidazoline & Amine Solution Produced Water Testing of both pipeline samples in presence of inhibitors using Potential Polarization Measurements & Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

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Testing of pipeline samples in different testing conditions (temperature & pressure of CO2) for 48 hrs. in autoclave machine Microstructural analysis of all the tested samples using SEM Measure corrosion loss of each sample & calculate inhibitor efficiency Comparison of inhibitor performance between imidazolines & amines

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Thank You

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