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This briefing is designed as a stand alone briefing for Airline Senior Executives / CEOs.
Minor text amendments following review at Cario CAAG meeting. DJG 30 Mar 2002
Why
This briefing examines the need for management attention to the flight safety aspects of approach and landing accidents (ALA). Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) together with ALA account for the highest number of fatalities and aircraft hull losses respectively. The Flight Safety Foundation has produced a training aid the Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Tool Kit. All pilots should be aware of the contents of this safety aid. Awareness of the risks and provision of training to combat the threat are the primary management tools in risk reduction.
Adopt the advice and procedures from the ALAR Tool Kit
as your company policy.
> Adherence to procedures is another safety tool; but first you need to publish procedures.
Fit TAWS
TAWS is the latest generation of safety awareness
avionics. Most systems use an extensive terrain database against which the aircraft position and altitude is compared. If an aircraft exceeds predetermined limits the crew are given both audio and visual warnings.
Fitting TAWS to all of your aircraft may appear to be expensive. How much will an accident cost?
Require that all approaches use precision or precision like approach aids. Fly the final approach with a stabilised flight path. If the approach to land is not going as anticipated then require the crew to go around. It is better financial judgement to have a safe arrival before an on time arrival. Promote the safety concept that it is OK to go around.
SOPs can reduce risks during flight operations. They must be the basis of training and checking. They enhance crew co-ordination and communication. Where both pilots are aware of the company limits, the monitoring pilot knows when and how to alert the operating pilot, this enables optimum cockpit resource management.
Training
85% of aircraft accidents are due to human error, but
human error is manageable. Multiple crew members are employed to give redundancy and cross check each other; ensure that they are trained for their tasks.
circumstantial causes of accidents. These mental attributes such as thinking are skills thus can be taught and improved by practice.
All skills can be trained and improved. When TAWS or GPWS gives the alert Pull Up then Pull Up.
FOQA Flight Operations Quality Assurance is a process of routinely monitoring aircraft data for abnormal operation. This tells you what is happening in your airline. LOSA Line Operations Safety Assessment is a human overview of the operation, the procedures, and the people. This tells you why things are happening in your airline.