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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
define neutralization differentiate main properties of acid and base list the applications of pH control in daily life define salt list the types of salt with example
Definition of Neutralization
Acid
Definitions:
A chemical substance which ionizes in water to
Alkali
Definitions of Alkali:
A chemical substance which ionizes in water to
Base vs Alkali
Base
Soluble in water
Insoluble in water
Alkali
Example of Neutralization
Acid H2SO4 (aq) Sulfuric acid CH3COOH (aq) Ethanoic Acid 2HNO3 (aq) Nitric acid + Base/Alkali 2KOH (aq) Potassium hydroxide NaOH (aq) Sodium hydroxide CuO (aq) Copper(II) oxide Salt + Water
K2SO4 (aq) Potassium sulfate CH3COONa (aq) Sodium ethanoate Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Copper(II) nitrate
H2O (l)
H2O (l)
H2O (l)
Applications of Neutralization
Neutralizatio n
Agriculture
To treat acidic soil - Plant cannot grow well in acidic soil. - Lime fertilizers (powdered lime/limestone) added to the soil to neutralize the soil.
To treat basic soil - Treated by using compost of rotting vegetables / leaves. - rotting vegetables / leaves decomposes to liberate CO2 (g) acidic gas can neutralize the soil.
To make nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate & ammonium nitrate) manufactured produced by neutralization.
Nitrogenous fertilizer
Sulfuric acid with ammonia solution: H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq)
Nitric acid with ammonia solution: HNO3 (aq) + NH3 (aq) NH4NO3 (aq)
Industries
To make detergent
Detergent is manufactured in industry through the neutralization of sulphonic acid with sodium hydroxide solution.
Treat gastric patient - Anti acid containing bases (Al(OH)3 & Mg(OH)2/ NaHCO3/CaCO3. - Used to neutralize the excess HCl in the stomach of the gastric solution.
Treat wasp stings - Wasp sting are alkaline in nature. - Vinegar is used to cure wasp stings because vinegar can neutralize the stings.
Health
Treat bee stings - Bee stings and ant bites are acidic in nature. They can be neutralized using alkaline medicine; baking powder.
Prevent tooth decay - Food stuck between gaps of teeth can be decomposed by bacteria to produce lactic acid.
- Acid react with enamel of the teeth trough neutralization to dissolve because enamel is base. - Hence, enamel of teeth destroyed by bacteria in mouth. - Toothpaste component base (Al(OH)3)
Meaning of Salt
In neutralization of an acid with a base, a salt is
(metal ion/ammonium ion) which originate from a base that combines with an anion which originates from an acid.
Types of Salt
Salt
Soluble
Insoluble
Solubility of salt
Salts
Nitrate salts Carbonate salts
Soluble
All nitrate salts Potassium - K2CO3, Sodium - Na2CO3, Ammonium (NH4)2CO3 All other chloride salts
Insoluble
None All other carbonate salts
Chlorides calts
Lead PbCl2, Silver- AgCl Barium BaSO4, Lead PbSO4, Calcium CaSO4
Sulfate salts
Applications of Salts
Salt
Inorganic pesticides
To destroy/kill insects, weeds, pests, fungi. Copper(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate, mercury(I) chloride, sodium asenate and sodium chlorate (v)
Preparation of food
NaCl - flavoring - give salty taste
Preservation of food
Sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrite, potassium nitrate
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) flavoring give nice & sweet taste Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate baking powder in the hot wet mixture with acid, release CO2 (g) slowly make the cake rise. Food can be kept longer without getting spoit.
Bleaching agent Disinfectant Toothpaste Water Fluoridation Washing soda Make soda lime glass
Summary
Neutralization Salt
Definition
Definition
Acid/base
Soluble/insoluble
Application
Application