Group 1 Michelle Casuncad Melody Joy Austria Argel Victor Servita Isaguirre Jon-Jon Navarro Marco Masicap Uy

The composition of the atmosphere has been gradually changing over the past millions of years, it is only during the last two to three hundred years, since the beginning of the industrial revolution in Europe and North America, however, that man has begun to affect this change . The process has accelerated over the past 50 years as more countries have also embarked on rapid economic development. In this chapter reviews some of the important trends dealing with local air quality and regional concerns.

Air Pollution-another term for Atmospheric Pollution, is a contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or by-products that can endanger human health and the health and welfare of plants and animals, or can attack materials, reduce visibility, or produce undesirable odors.

Natural events, such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires and dust storms caused the first air pollution problems. With the discovery of fire,Human-made air pollution was born. Ancient peoples use fire for heating and cooking. As communities grew, so did air pollution. During the Industrial Revolution,People started using machines and factories to manufacture things in large quantities. Factories needed power, and this power came from the burning of fuels such as coal and oil.

 In

London during the early 1950s, killer fogs created by pollution from coal burning, led to more than 5,000 deaths. In 1956, Great Britain passed a Clean Air Act, requiring the use of cleaner fuels, better furnaces, and electric heat. Within a few years, particulate levels in London dropped 30%. The United States Congress passed the first Clean Air Act in 1963.

 the

last several decades have seen a tremendous increase in the use of automobiles. In Spokane County, 9,279,822 vehicle miles are driven daily. By the year 2025, vehicle miles travels are expected to grow to 14,726,784. Thats equal to 32 trips to the moon and back! Today, motor vehicles are the leading cause of air pollution.

 Do

you know that the fart of a dinosaur is one of the big contributors of air pollution?

INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

This particular cause effects every single corner of the globe. Manufacturing facilities, power plants, and waster incinerators are all industries that emit high levels of carbon monoxide, organic compounds and chemical into the atmosphere.

BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuels are emitted from cars, jetplanes or even used to extract greater amounts of fossil fuel on earth. It is also most controversial of the causes of air pollution as fossil fuel are necessary elements of todays society.

CHEMICALS

This cause encompasses a number of chemicals such as those commonly used household cleaning products or painting supplies.

SMOKING

A Lethal form of Air pollution. When adults smoke or other people, the smoke from the cigarettes combine or is attached to the air which will cause air pollution.

THE EARTH ITSELF

There are a number of air pollutants which come directly from the Earth itself. It contributes to air pollution through volcanic eruption, wildfires, and other natural process.

SMOG

Sometimes described as a combination of Smoke and Fog. It comes from exhausts and othe emissions put out by a modern city

ACID RAIN

Is a precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acidThese acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfuric oxides released into the atmosphere when fuels are burned. Causes when chemicals from pollutants enter the atmosphere and become bound to rain droplets.

AIR POLLUTION AFFECTS HUMANS AND HEALTH

The effects of air pollution on humans are fatal and life-threatening. Consistent exposure to the pollutants leads to the development of:

Cardiopulmonary disease Pneumonia Premature mortality Heart attack Asthma Difficulty in breathing Wheezing and coughing

ECONOMIC HARM

air pollution can also adversely affect the economy. With air pollution causing illnesses among people in the workforce, time and productivity are lost.

EUTROPHICATION

is a condition in a water body where high concentrations of nutrients (such as nitrogen) stimulate blooms of algae, which in turn can cause fish kills and loss of plant and animal diversity.

CROPS and FORESTS DAMAGE

a plant cannot exist without this means to make food and produce energy. Even a reduction in photosynthesis can have ill effects. Reduced growth in leaves and fruit make plants less productive.

EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE

Toxic pollutants in the air, or deposited on soils or surface waters, can impact wildlife in a number of ways. Like humans, animals can experience health problems if they are exposed to sufficient concentrations of air toxics over time.

OZONE DEPLETION

Ozone forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. But this "good" ozone is gradually being destroyed by man-made chemicals referred to as ozone-depleting substances.

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and the GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Air pollution changes our planets climate.It is harmful because the main problematic gases released in terms of polution is carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide-both of these trap the heat of the sun and therefore heat up the climate, also can cause acid rain which can get into our water system and can kill the trees and plants. The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon whereby greenhouse gases create a condition in the upper atmosphere causing a trapping ofheat and leading to increased surface and lower tropospheric temperatures.

top 10 air polluting countries are:

1. China 2. United States 3.Russia 4. India 5. Japan 6. Germany 7. Canada 8. United Kingdom 9. South Korea 10. Iran

The

Great London Smog of 1952.

Causing

Approximately 4,000 Deaths and 100,000 sickened.

A

period of cold weather combined with anticyclone, windless conditions and affected visibility. Reasons

Numerous coal-fired power stations. Smoke from vehicle exhaust. Burning more coal than usual.

The

Donora Smog of 1948.

resulting into a wall of

Air-inversion

smog.
Causing

20 Deaths and 7,000 Sickened. Reasons

Sulfur

Dioxide emission of Steel and Wire plant.

Temperature

inversion.

2006

SouthEast Asian Haze.

Continued

uncontrolled burning form slash and burn.

-a severe air pollution event that affected London during December 1952. It is considered the worst air pollution event in the history of United Kingdom. - The weather preceding and during the smog meant that Londoners were burning more coal than usual to keep warm. Lasted 5 days. - The smog first rolled into Donora on October 27, 1948. Lasted two days.

Causing

heavy ash fall covered a land area about 4000 square kilometers ( reached as far as manila).
causing

the world's temperature to drop by an average of 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius). * Took almost 500 lives and displaced tens of thousands of families. * Daytime turns to Night time over Central Luzon because of enormous cloud of volcanic ash.

The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based. The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay". The State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all. Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be implemented by the government through proper delegation and effective coordination of functions and activities;

Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a comprehensive management program for air pollution;
Promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of an informed and active public in air quality planning and monitoring; and Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include the setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages.

 The

enactment of the Clean Air Act of 1970 (1970 CAA) resulted in a major shift in the federal government's role in air pollution control
legislation authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.

This

 First

federal air pollution legislation

Funded

research for scope and sources of air pollution

 Authorized

the development of a national program to address air pollution related environmental problems

Authorized

research into techniques to minimize air pollution

 Authorized

enforcement procedures for air pollution problems involving interstate transport of pollutants

Authorized

expanded research activities

Authorized programs for Acid Deposition Control Authorized a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, including those previously regulated by the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Established permit program requirements Expanded and modified provisions concerning the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards Expanded and modified enforcement authority Established a program to phase out the use of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer.

The program commenced in 1999 and was projected to run until 2002
The primary goal of this program is to research the application of market-based instruments, such as emissions fees, for managing both stationary and mobile sources of pollution in Metro Manila.

The primary goal of this program is to research the application of market-based instruments, such as emissions fees, for managing both stationary and mobile sources of pollution in Metro Manila.