Boiler Fans

Presented by SARHAK PATNAIK GET 2011

Content
Definition of Draught Purpose Classification Definition of Fan Types and purpose of fans Working Principle of fans Classification of fans Fan Controlling Devices

Definition of Draught System

Draught defines a differential pressure between atmosphere & through out the fuel, air and flue gas path in the system. There should be sufficient arrangement to create necessary draft. The system is consisted of feeders, pulverizers, fans (PA, FD, ID, Seal Air, Scanner Air etc.), burners, Wind Box, SADC, boiler fire side, APH, ESP, and Chimney.

Purpose of Draught System

To ensure sufficient, efficient and safe flow of fuel, air and products of combustion through the steam generator. To maintain the standards of other combustion control parameters such as Oxygen in Flue Gas, Carbon in Ash, Sox & NOx in Flue Gas, Flue Gas Velocity, Flue Gas Exhaust Temperature etc.

Classification
Natural Draught
Induced Draught Forced Draught

Balanced Draught

Purpose of Fans

To develop moderate pressure of the Air or gas in order to transport it from one place to another at desired Parameters.

Classification of Fans
Centrifugal Fans
Single Suction Double Suction Impeller may have Radial, Forward or Backward curved blades on the basis of application

Axial Fans
Single Stage Double Stage Axial fans are further classified as Propeller, Tube axial and Vane axial

Types of Centrifugal Fans

Types of Axial Fans

Definition of Fan

Fan is a rotary machine, which maintain a continuous flow of air/gas at a pressure ratio not normally exceeding 1:1.11

Types of Boiler Fans

PA Fans FD Fans ID Fans Seal Air fans Scanner Air Fans Igniter Air Fans

Forced Draught Fan

FD Fan is required to provide air for ensure proper flow of products of combustion and to also to ensure complete combustion of coal or oil inside the furnace. This air is termed as Secondary Air because it is supplied after the primary air.

Specification Axial Fan Used as FD Fan:

Application :Provide air for combustion of coal. Number per boiler : Two Type : Axial fan, Single stage Medium handled : Air Orientation : Vertical suction & Horizontal delivery Regulation : Blade pitch control

MOTOR
SUCTION HOOD

UPPER CASING OF IMPELLER

DIFFUSER

BOTTOM CASING OF IMPELLER

FD FAN

Technical specifications
FD FAN: Manufacturer Fan Type Adjustment method Total pressure boost(Pa) Flow rate(m3/s) Temperature of incoming air(deg C) Rotating speed(r/min) Model Motor rating power(KW) Voltage(KV) Shanghai Blower Works Co. Ltd. FAF-28-14-1 Blade adjustable 4523 341.30 32 990 YKK560-4 1850 3.3

Induced Draught Fan

ID Fan is required to extract the product of combustion called flue gas form the furnace and discharge the same to the chimney, which in turn to the atmosphere. Specification Centrifugal Fan Used as ID Fan:
Application : For extraction of Flue gases. Number per boiler : Two Type : Axial fan Medium handled : Flue gas Orientation : Axially suction & axially delivery Regulation : Blade pitch control

Suction hood

Impeller

Motor

ID FAN

ID FAN:

Manufacturer Fan Type Adjustment method Total pressure boost(Pa) Flow rate(m3/s) Temperature of incoming air(deg C) Rotating speed(r/min) Model Motor rating power(KW) Voltage(KV)

Shanghai Blower Works Co. Ltd. 3AF-37.5-22.4-1 Blade adjustable 6136 656.6 152.8
745 YKK560-4 4950 3.3

Primary Air Fan

PA Fan is required to provide air to dry the coal in mill and transport it from mill to furnace. This air is termed as Primary Air.

Specification Axial Fan Used as PA Fan:

Application : For Coal transportation and drying Number per boiler : Two Type : Axial fan , Double stage Medium handled : Air Orientation : Vertical suction & Horizontal delivery Regulation : Blade pitch and damper control

PA FAN

DOUBLE STAGE

DIFFUSER

Seal Air Fan

Seal air fan boost up the cold primary air pressure to cater the need of sealing the bearings of the rotating component of pulverizers. For example, three rollers and upper bearing of the bowl of each Bowl & Roller Mill are supplied with seal air to protect its abrasion by coal particles.

Scanner Air Fan

These fan takes suction either from FD Fan discharge duct or from atmosphere and always supply its discharge air to the Flame Scanners for their cooling and cleaning.

Working Principle of Fans

Fans convert kinetic energy of a prime mover partially into pressure head and remaining into velocity head (kinetic energy), which in turn also converted into pressure head by the diffuser and thus build up the pressure of air or gas being displaced.

Difference among Fans, Blowers And Compressors

Fan Controlling Devices

Damper Control Inlet Guide Vane Control Pitch Control Speed Control

Damper Control
Fan flow and pressure can be changed by varying the cross section at the suction or discharge side of the fan. This type of control has been provided on the suction ducts having rectangular cross section, which is achieved by damper regulating mechanism powered by different types of motors.

Inlet Guide Vane Control

This type of control has been provided on the suction ducts having circular cross section. In principle, it same as that of damper control but reported to more effective.

Blade Pitch Control

Variation in blade pitch vary the flow and pressure of the air/gas being handled.
Blade pitch is controlled by means of Servomotor. Control oil is used for the operation of Servomotor.

Speed Control
Flow and pressure can be controlled by varying the speed of the fan by using either a infinitely variable speed hydraulic coupling by using a variable frequency electric motor. Many ID Fans in the thermal power plant have been provided with infinitely variable speed hydraulic coupling.

Sectional view of hydraulic coupling

Thank You