Cloud Computing & Virtualization

Prepared By: Er.Priyanka aggarwal M.Tech CSE

Cloud

Computing

Cloud is simply a metaphor for the internet

Computing is use of computer technonogy.

Grid Computing + Distributed Computing = Cloud computing

Grid computing is the application of several computers to a single problem at the same time -usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data.

A type of computing in which different components and objects comprising an application can be located on different computers connected to a network.

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the internet . Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information, are provided to computers and devices on-demand, like the electricity grid. Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling available, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources.

Benefits Of Cloud Computing

No up-front investment: Cloud computing uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model. A service provider does not need to invest in the infrastructure to start gaining benefit from cloud computing. It simply rents resources from the cloud according to its own needs and pay for the usage. Lowering operating cost: Resources in a cloud environment can be rapidly allocated and de-allocated on demand.Hence, a service provider no longer needs to provision capacities according to the peak load. This provides huge savings since resources can be released to save on operating costs when service demand is low.

Benefits Of Cloud Computing

Highly scalable: Infrastructure providers pool large amount of resources from data centers and make them easily accessible. A service provider can easily expand its service to large scales in order to handle rapid increase in service demands (e.g., flash-crowd effect). This model is sometimes called surge computing. Easy access: Services hosted in the cloud are generally web-based. Therefore, they are easily accessible through a variety of devices with Internet connections. These devices not only include desktop and laptop computers, but also cell phones and PDAs. Reducing business risks and maintenance expenses: By outsourcing the service infrastructure to the clouds, a service provider shifts its business risks (such as hardware failures) to infrastructure providers, who often have better expertise and are better equipped for managing these risks. In addition,a service provider can cut down the hardware maintenance and the staff training costs.

Architecture Design Of Cloud Computing

Delivery Models

Three delivery models: Software as a Service. Platform as a Service. Infrastructure as a Service. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): SaaS refers to providing on demand applications over the Internet This is a pay-as-you-go model and was initially widely deployed for sales force automation and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Examples of SaaS providers include: Salesforce.com Rackspace. SAP Business ByDesign.

Delivery Models

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Platform as a service,another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing provide development environment as a service.It provides platform layer resources, including operating system support and software development frameworks.

Examples of PaaS providers include: Google App Engine. Microsoft Windows Azure Force.com.

Delivery Models

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Infrastructure as a service delivers a platform virtualization environment as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software,data center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. The cloud owner who offers IaaS is called an IaaS provider. Examples of IaaS providers include: Amazon EC2 GoGrid Flexiscale.

How Cloud Computing works?

Layers in Architecture Design

The architecture of a cloud computing environment can be divided into 4 layers:

Hardware/datacenter layer. Infrastructure layer. Platform layer. Application layer.

Hardware Layer
Hardware/datacenter layer: The hardware layer is typically implemented in data centers. A data center usually contains thousands of servers that are organized in racks and interconnected through switches, routers or other fabrics. Responsibilities of this layer: managing the physical resources of the cloud, including physical servers, routers, switches, power and cooling systems. Issues at hardware layer: hardware configuration, fault tolerance,traffic management, power and cooling resource management.

Infrastructure Layer
Also known as the virtualization layer. Responsibility: The infrastructure layer creates a pool of storage and computing resources by partitioning the physical resources using virtualization technologies such as Xen,KVM and VMware. The infrastructure layer is an essential component of cloud computing, since many key features, such as dynamic resource assignment, are only made available through virtualization technologies.

Platform Layer
Built on top of the infrastructure layer, the platform layer consists of operating systems and application frameworks. The purpose of the platform layer:

To minimize the burden of deploying applications directly into VM containers. For example, Google App Engine operates at the platform layer to provide API support for implementing storage, database and business logic of typical web applications.

Application Layer
At the highest level of the hierarchy, the application layer consists of the actual cloud applications. Cloud applications can leverage the automaticscaling feature to achieve better performance, availability and lower operating cost.

Business model of Cloud Computing

Business Model
According to the layered architecture of cloud computing,it is entirely possible that a PaaS provider runs its cloud on top of an IaaS providers cloud. However, in the current practice, IaaS and PaaS providers are often parts of the same organization (e.g., Google and Salesforce). This is why PaaS and IaaS providers are often called the infrastructure providers or cloud providers.

Two Technologies for Agility

Virtualization:
The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single physical system and share the underlying hardware resources*

Cloud Computing:
The provisioning of services in a timely (near on instant), on-demand manner, to allow the scaling up and down of resources**

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The Traditional Server Concept

Web Server
Windows IIS

App Server
Linux Glassfish

DB Server
Linux MySQL

EMail
Windows Exchange

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Key Technology: Virtualization

App App App App OS App OS Hypervisor Hardware App OS

Operating System Hardware

Traditional Stack

Virtualized Stack

Cloud computing takes virtualization to the next step

You dont have to own the hardware You rent it as needed from a cloud There are public clouds e.g. Amazon EC2, and now many others (Microsoft, IBM, Sun, and others ...) A company can create a private one With more control over security, etc.

Cloud Computing Status

Seems to be rapidly becoming a mainstream practice Numerous providers Amazon EC2 imitators ... Just about every major industry name IBM, Sun, Microsoft, ... Major buzz at industry meetings

So Whats the Take-Away?

There seems to be a major revolution underway in how we manage hardware Specify (machine per service or one big machine with many virtual servers Purchase (own it yourself or rent from a public cloud) Use (always-on, or flexible provisioning as needed ...)

What About Research?

The Eucalyptus Project From University of California Santa Barbara An open source collection of tools to build your own cloud Linux using Xen for virtualization An apparently open research area: handling data Regular databases apparently don't scale well Especially hard to make elastic (scale up / scale down

Major Service Providers Of Cloud Computing

Conclusion
Cloud computing is the next big wave in computing. It has many benefits, such as better hardware management, since all the computers are the same and run the same hardware. It also provides for better and easier management of data security, since all the data is located on a central server, so administrators can control who has and doesn't have access to the files.

THANKS