PowerPoint to accompany

Technology of Machine Tools

6th Edition

Krar Gill Smid

Drilling Machines
Section 10

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Three Main Parts of a Drill

Point

Body

Shank

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Point

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Lip Clearance

Is the relief ground on point of drill extending from cutting lips back to the heel
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Drill Point Characteristics

The use of various point angles and lip clearances, in conjunction with thinning of the drill web, will allow:

1. Control size, quality and straightness of drilled hole 2. Control size, shape and formation of chip 3. Control chip flow up flutes

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4. Increase strength of drill's cutting edges 5. Reduce rate of wear at cutting edges 6. Reduce amount of drilling pressure required

7. Control amount of burr produced

8. Reduce amount of heat generated 9. Permit use of various speeds and feeds for more efficient drilling

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Conventional Point (118)

Most commonly used drill point Gives satisfactory results for most generalpurpose drilling Lip clearance of 8 to 12 for best results
Too much weakens cutting edge and causes drill to chip Too little results in use of heavy drilling pressure
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Long Angle Point (60 to 90)

Used on low helix drills for drilling of nonferrous metals, soft cast irons, plastics, fibers, and wood Lip clearance generally from 12 to 15 Flat may be ground on face of lips to prevent drill from drawing itself into the soft material
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Flat Angle Point (135 to 150)

Used to drill hard and tough materials Lip clearance on flat angle point drills only 6 to 8 to provide as much support as possible for cutting edges Shorter cutting edge tends to reduce friction and heat during drilling
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Twist Drills
Manufactured from three main materials
Carbon-steel drills
Used in hobby shops not for machine shop work Cutting edges wear down quickly

High-speed steel drills

Used in machine shop work Cutting edges withstand more heat and wear

Cemented-carbide drills
Operated at high speeds, withstand higher heat, and can drill hard materials

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Drilling Facts and Problems

Excessive speed Excessive clearance Examples of each Excessive feed on following slides Insufficient clearance Cutting lips with unequal angles Cutting lips with unequal in length Loading and galling

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Cutting Fluids
Provide both cooling and lubrication Properties of an effective liquid in dissipating heat
Able to absorb heat rapidly Have good resistance to evaporation Have high thermal conductivity
Oil: good lubricant, poor coolant Water: best coolant, no lubricating value (promotes rust)